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File:Greek soldiers of Greco–Persian Wars2.png|Istroyan soldiers | File:Greek soldiers of Greco–Persian Wars2.png|Istroyan soldiers | ||
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Northern Battganuur, under the dominion of the [[Arunid Empire]], experienced a profound agricultural revolution, the burgeoning of a lucrative timber industry, and a dynamic cultural exchange that left an enduring legacy on the region's identity. Meanwhile, southern Battganuur, witnessed the rise and fall of empires, the fusion of [[Istroyan]] and Persian cultures, and the establishment of a vibrant Christian realm, the Ashrafinid Empire. While the coastal regions flourished under Istroyan influence, the interior of southern Battganuur remained a realm of tribal societies. These tribes, such as the {{wp|Parthians}} and the {{wp|Elamites}}, maintained their traditional nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyles, herding livestock, cultivating crops, and engaging in trade with neighboring regions. The decentralized nature of tribal power structures made it difficult for a single dominant entity to emerge. Instead, the interior was characterized by a patchwork of alliances, rivalries, and shifting power dynamics. This political fragmentation, while fostering a degree of autonomy for individual tribes, also made the region vulnerable to external incursions and conquest. | |||
====Kingdom of Eshel==== | ====Kingdom of Eshel==== | ||
{{Further|Kingdom of Eshel}} | {{Further|Kingdom of Eshel}} | ||
The [[Kingdom of Eshel]] was a Jewish ethnoreligious state formed round 500 BC under King Adud I on the Ominrud Peninsula. It was a regional powerhouse in the eastern [[Sea of Istroya]] during the late Classical Period with a strong trade network with the [[Istroyan civilization]]. It remained staunchly independent despite many attempts to subjugate them by the [[Battganuur#Ashrafinid_Empire|Ashrafinid Empire]] to the north. It is notable that Eshel fought on the side of the Christians in the [[Crusades]] in [[Audonia]] from [[1167]]–[[1428]]. In fact, the end of the [[Crusades]] was a contributing factor to the decimation of the Kingdom by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] in [[1486]]. | The [[Kingdom of Eshel]] was a Jewish ethnoreligious state formed round 500 BC under King Adud I on the Ominrud Peninsula. It was a regional powerhouse in the eastern [[Sea of Istroya]] during the late Classical Period with a strong trade network with the [[Ancient Istroyan civilization]]. It remained staunchly independent despite many attempts to subjugate them by the [[Battganuur#Ashrafinid_Empire|Ashrafinid Empire]] to the north. It is notable that Eshel fought on the side of the Christians in the [[Crusades]] in [[Audonia]] from [[1167]]–[[1428]]. In fact, the end of the [[Crusades]] was a contributing factor to the decimation of the Kingdom by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] in [[1486]]. | ||
====Arunid Empire==== | ====Arunid Empire==== | ||
[[File:Arunid_max_extent.png|250px|right]] | [[File:Arunid_max_extent.png|250px|right]] | ||
{{Further|Arunid Empire}} | {{Further|Arunid Empire}} | ||
The [[Arunid Empire]]'s dominion over northern Battganuur, encompassing the present-day provinces of Ahabijan, Andivaz, Takand, Maradan, and Malarand, represents a pivotal epoch in the region's history. The empire's vast reach and influence brought about profound transformations, leaving an enduring legacy that continues to shape Battganuur's identity and development. The [[Arunid Empire]], recognizing the fertile potential of northern Battganuur's plains, initiated a comprehensive agricultural development program. Extensive irrigation systems, including canals and reservoirs, were constructed to harness the waters of the [[Aab-e-Farus]] and its tributaries. This led to a significant increase in rice cultivation, transforming the region into a breadbasket for the empire. The surplus rice production not only sustained the empire's burgeoning population but also became a valuable commodity in regional trade networks. Alongside rice, the cultivation of other crops such as wheat, barley, fruits, and vegetables was also promoted, ensuring a diverse and resilient agricultural base. This agricultural revolution not only boosted the region's economic prosperity but also fostered social stability by ensuring food security. Northern Battganuur's lush forests, teeming with valuable hardwoods like teak, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, and padauk, attracted the attention of the [[Arunid Empire]]. Recognizing the potential of this resource, the empire established logging operations and implemented sustainable forestry practices. These woods were highly prized for their durability, beauty, and versatility, and were used in the construction of grand palaces, temples, and ships. The timber trade became a lucrative source of revenue for the empire, contributing to its economic power and influence. The demand for Battganuuri hardwoods spurred the development of infrastructure, including roads and ports, further integrating the region into the empire's vast economic network. | |||
The [[Arunid Empire]]'s dominion over northern Battganuur was not solely an economic endeavor. It also entailed a significant cultural and spiritual exchange. The Fravarti-Zoroastrian faith, with its emphasis on righteousness, social justice, and communal harmony, found fertile ground in the region. While it did not completely supplant existing religious practices, it gained a significant following and left a lasting imprint on the region's spiritual landscape. The empire's cosmopolitan cities, renowned centers of learning and commerce, attracted scholars, artisans, and merchants from across the known world. This influx of diverse cultures led to a vibrant cultural fusion, with elements of Persian, Indian, and Istroyan traditions intermingling with local customs. The adoption of the Umardi language, the lingua franca of the empire, facilitated communication and trade, further cementing the region's integration into the Arunid realm. | |||
====Istroyan city states==== | ====Istroyan city states==== | ||
{{Further|Istroya}} | {{Further|Ancient Istroyan civilization}} | ||
Beginning in the 6th century BCE, Istroyan mariners, hailing from the bustling city-states of northeastern [[Sarpedon]], embarked on exploratory voyages across the [[Sea of Istroya]]. Drawn by tales of fertile lands, exotic spices, and lucrative trade opportunities, they established a series of colonies along the southern coast of Battganuur. These colonies, such as Alexandropolis (modern-day Bandar Abbas) and Seleucia ad Mare (modern-day Bushehr), quickly grew into thriving centers of commerce, culture, and learning. The Istroyans brought with them their language, philosophy, art, and architectural traditions, which deeply influenced the local {{wp|Persian|Persi}} populations. Over time, a unique fusion of [[Istroyan]] and {{wp|Persian}} cultures emerged, evident in the syncretic religious practices, the adoption of {{wp|Ancient Greek Architechture|Istroyan architectural styles}}, and the widespread use of the {{wp|Ancient Greek language|Istroyan language}} in trade and administration. This cultural exchange left an enduring legacy, shaping the distinct identity of southern Battganuur for centuries to come. | |||
====Ashrafinid Empire==== | ====Ashrafinid Empire==== | ||
[[Audonian Christianity]] Ruled most of Battganuur and the [[Alcairet]]. | [[Audonian Christianity]] Ruled most of Battganuur and the [[Alcairet]]. | ||
The aristocracy | The dawn of Christianity in the 1st century CE brought about a significant shift in the religious and political landscape of southern Battganuur. The new faith, with its message of salvation and universal brotherhood, resonated with many in the region, particularly among the urban populations who had already been exposed to Istroyan ideas and philosophies. In the 4th century CE, a charismatic leader named Ashrafi rose to prominence. He united the disparate Christian communities of southern Battganuur under his banner, establishing the Ashrafinid Empire. This empire, with its capital at Ctesiphon (modern-day Salman Pak), quickly expanded its influence, encompassing the entire southern region and even challenging the Arunid Empire for control of the Sea of Kandahar. The Ashrafinid Empire was a period of cultural flowering and economic prosperity. Ctesiphon became a center of Christian learning and scholarship, attracting theologians, philosophers, and artists from across the [[Audonia]]n world. The empire's economy thrived on trade, agriculture, and the production of luxury goods, such as textiles, spices, and precious metals. The rise of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] in the 7th century CE marked a turning point in the history of southern Battganuur. The Caliphate's expansionist policies brought it into conflict with the Ashrafinid Empire, leading to a series of bloody wars. In 762 CE, after a prolonged siege, Ctesiphon fell to the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Oduniyyad]] forces, marking the end of the Ashrafinid Empire. The region was incorporated into the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]], and Islam gradually replaced Christianity as the dominant religion. Many of the Ashrafinid aristocracy, refusing to renounce their faith, fled to [[Levantia]], where they established the kingdom of [[Hištanšahr]], preserving their cultural and religious heritage. | ||
===Medieval period=== | |||
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Medieval_history|Oduniyyad Caliphate|Crusades|Pre-modern global trade}} | |||
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File:SiegeofAntioch.jpeg | |||
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The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]'s six centuries of rule left an indelible mark on Battganuur. The spread of Islam transformed the region's religious and cultural landscape, while the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s patronage of scholarship and the arts fostered a vibrant intellectual atmosphere. Battganuur's strategic location made it a crossroads for trade and cultural exchange, contributing to its unique identity. The [[Crusades]], though a period of conflict and instability, also stimulated cultural exchange and intellectual curiosity. The legacy of this era continues to resonate in Battganuur's diverse cultural heritage, its architectural treasures, and its vibrant intellectual traditions. | |||
The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]'s dominion over Battganuur marked a significant chapter in the region's history, characterized by a confluence of religious fervor, cultural exchange, and geopolitical conflict. This period witnessed the spread of Islam, the flourishing of intellectual and artistic pursuits, and the challenges posed by external forces, particularly the Crusades. Following the collapse of the [[Arunid Empire]] and then the Ashrafinid Empire, the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]] swiftly extended its influence over Battganuur. The introduction of Islam, a monotheistic faith with a strong emphasis on social justice and community, profoundly reshaped Battganuuri society. Mosques sprang up across the land, replacing or coexisting with {{wp|Zoroastrian}} fire temples and {{wp|Buddhist}} monasteries. The {{wp|Arabic language}}, the lingua franca of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]], gained prominence in administration, trade, and scholarship. While the initial spread of Islam was often accompanied by military conquest, it gradually became a process of cultural assimilation and religious conversion. The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s emphasis on education and social welfare attracted many Battganuuri to the new faith, leading to a gradual but significant shift in the religious landscape. The Oduniyyad period was marked by a remarkable flourishing of intellectual and artistic pursuits in Battganuur. The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s patronage of scholarship and the arts created a vibrant intellectual atmosphere, attracting scholars, poets, and artists from across the Islamic world. Cities like Alihijan and Isfahan became centers of learning, where renowned scholars and scientists made significant contributions to fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. Battganuuri artisans excelled in producing exquisite textiles, ceramics, metalwork, and calligraphy, which were highly prized throughout the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]. Battganuur's strategic location, straddling the [[Sea of Kandahar]] and bordering the [[Sea of Istroya]], made it a vital crossroads for trade and cultural exchange. The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s vast network of roads and maritime routes connected Battganuur to distant lands, facilitating the flow of goods, ideas, and people. | |||
=== | The Oduniyyad Caliphate's expansion into Sarpedon brought it into conflict with Christian kingdoms, leading to a series of religious wars known as the [[Crusades#In_Audonia_(1167–1428)|Crusades in Audonia]] ([[1167–]] 1[[428]]CE). Battganuur, as a frontier region of the Caliphate, became a battleground for these conflicts. The Crusades had a profound impact on Battganuur, disrupting trade routes, causing economic instability, and exacerbating religious tensions. The region witnessed the construction of fortified castles and cities, as well as the emergence of military orders dedicated to defending the Christian faith. Despite the immense human and economic cost, the Crusades also fostered cultural exchange and intellectual curiosity. The encounter with Western ideas and technologies stimulated new developments in Battganuuri science, philosophy, and art. | ||
{{Further| | ====Warring century==== | ||
{{Further|Warring Century (Daria)}} | |||
The '''Warring Century''' spanned the 15th and 16th centuries in the [[Daria]] region of [[Audonia]]. This era was marked by the tumultuous unraveling of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]], factionalism, sectarian and ethnic violence, and ultimately weakened [[Daria]] making it prone to [[Burgoignesc colonial empire|colonization]] by the duchies of [[Maritime Dericania]]. | |||
Internal strife, stemming from political dissent and struggles for succession, economic stagnation and corruption progressively eroded the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s authority. The [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s collapse ripped apart the fragile web of religious and ethnic cohesion that had existed under its rule. Long-simmering tensions between various groups, both religious and ethnic, flared up in the absence of a strong central authority. Communities with distinct cultural and belief systems, previously held together under the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s umbrella, found themselves at odds. This sectarian discord, coupled with competition for limited resources, fueled a period of widespread tribal and sectarian conflicts. | |||
=== | The power vacuum created by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]'s disintegration paved the way for the rise of warlords. These opportunistic individuals, capitalizing on the prevailing chaos, carved out their own domains in strategic locations, often around cities or fortresses built by the former [[Oduniyyad Caliphate|Caliphate]]. However, the reach of these warlords was limited due to the lack of a centralized tax system and the constant threat of rival factions. Their control often extended only to their immediate vicinity, creating a patchwork of small, feuding kingdoms. | ||
The economic consequences of the Warring Century were far-reaching. The once-flourishing [[Silk Road]] became choked by rampant banditry and instability. The movement of goods became increasingly expensive and perilous. This disruption forced eastern nations, namely [[Daxia]], to hire larger and more expensive caravan guards, some eventually became their own armies, which when coupled with [[Maritime Dericania|Dericanian]] [[Burgoignesc colonial empire|colonial expansion ism]] led to the establishment of the [[Southern Route]], which bypassed the volatile [[Daria]] region altogether. | |||
The Warring Century, spanning the 15th and 16th centuries, cast a long and ominous shadow over Battganuur, marking a period of unprecedented upheaval, fragmentation, and social unrest. The once-unified realm, held together by the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]], crumbled under the weight of internal strife, religious discord, and economic decline, leaving the region vulnerable to external forces and setting the stage for future colonial interventions. The seeds of Battganuur's descent into chaos were sown in the waning years of the [[Oduniyyad Caliphate]]. Political infighting, economic mismanagement, and rampant corruption eroded the Caliphate's authority, creating a power vacuum that was quickly filled by ambitious warlords and opportunistic factions. The once-vibrant cities of Battganuur, centers of trade and learning, became battlegrounds for rival groups vying for control. The collapse of the Caliphate unleashed long-suppressed religious and ethnic tensions. Shia and Sunni communities, previously coexisting under the Caliphate's umbrella, turned against each other in a bitter struggle for dominance. The Zoroastrian minority, once tolerated, faced persecution and marginalization. This sectarian strife further fragmented Battganuuri society, creating deep-seated divisions that would haunt the region for centuries. The Warring Century wreaked havoc on Battganuur's economy. Trade routes, once vital arteries of commerce, were disrupted by banditry and conflict. Agricultural production declined as fields were abandoned and irrigation systems fell into disrepair. The once-flourishing cities, symbols of Battganuur's prosperity, became impoverished and depopulated. | |||
In the absence of a central authority, warlords emerged as the de facto rulers of various regions. These local strongmen, often backed by private armies, established their own fiefdoms, imposing their own laws and taxes. Their rule was often arbitrary and brutal, further exacerbating the suffering of the common people. | |||
The Warring Century's devastating impact on Battganuur left the region vulnerable to external intervention. The economic decline, social unrest, and political fragmentation made Battganuur an attractive target for the expansionist ambitions of the [[Maritime Dericania]]n duchies. These maritime powers, seeking new markets and resources, gradually extended their influence over Battganuur, establishing trading posts, fortresses, and ultimately, colonial administrations. | |||
The Warring Century thus laid the groundwork for Battganuur's colonization, a process that would profoundly shape the region's destiny in the centuries to come. The legacy of this tumultuous period continues to resonate in Battganuur's complex social fabric, its diverse religious landscape, and its ongoing struggle for unity and stability. | |||
===Early modern history=== | |||
{{Further|Timeline_of_major_world_events#Early_modern_history|Burgoignesc colonial empire|Istroya Oriental colony|Barbary Straits colony}} | |||
[[File:Bergendii_colonies_in_western_Daria.png|right|thumb|[[Istroya Oriental colony]] in blue, [[Barbary Straits colony]] in red.]] | [[File:Bergendii_colonies_in_western_Daria.png|right|thumb|[[Istroya Oriental colony]] in blue, [[Barbary Straits colony]] in red.]] | ||
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==== Istroya Oriental colony ==== | ==== Istroya Oriental colony ==== | ||
[[File:Coffee farm of a Liberian planter - Muhlenberg Mission, Liberia (Luther League Review, 1899).png|250px|right]] | [[File:Coffee farm of a Liberian planter - Muhlenberg Mission, Liberia (Luther League Review, 1899).png|250px|right]] | ||
{{Further|Istroya Oriental colony}} | {{Further|Burgoignesc colonial empire|Istroya Oriental colony}} | ||
In the southern reaches of Battganuur, the [[Duchy of Bourgondi]] established the [[Istroya Oriental Colony]] in [[1611]]. Driven by a quest for resources and strategic advantage, the [[Bourgondii Royal Trading Company]], backed by royal decree, focused on the extraction of valuable minerals, timber, and other raw materials. | |||
The colony's administration, unlike its Marialanii counterpart, adopted a more laissez-faire approach, allowing local elites to maintain a degree of autonomy in exchange for cooperation and loyalty. This strategy, while pragmatic, also perpetuated existing social hierarchies and inequalities. The [[Istroya Oriental Colony]], like its northern counterpart, relied heavily on slave labor. Slaves, often captured from neighboring regions were forced to work in mines, forests, and plantations, enduring harsh conditions and brutal treatment. Despite the exploitative nature of its economic system, the [[Istroya Oriental Colony]] played a crucial role in preserving the unique Istroyo-Persian culture of southern Battganuur. The Bourgondii administrators, recognizing the value of this cultural heritage, protected the Jewish communities of the former [[Kingdom of Eshel]] and promoted the use of the Istroyan language in education and administration. | |||
====Barbary Straits colony==== | |||
{{Further|Burgoignesc colonial empire|Barbary Straits colony}} | |||
In the wake of the Warring Century's turmoil, the [[History of Dericania#Duchy of Marialanus|Duchy of Marialanus]], a rising maritime power, sought to expand its influence and commercial interests in [[Audonia]]. In [[1577]], the [[Marialanii Ularian Trading Company]], armed with a royal charter, established the [[Barbary Straits Colony]] in northern Battganuur. This colony, strategically positioned at the western terminus of the [[Silk Road]], aimed to revitalize the region's agricultural potential and capitalize on the lucrative trade routes that crisscrossed the continent. The company's administrators, drawing upon their {{wp|Calvinist}} principles, implemented a rigid social hierarchy and a strict moral code. They invested heavily in infrastructure, constructing roads, canals, and ports to facilitate trade and transport. The colony's fertile plains were transformed into vast plantations, producing rice, cotton, and other cash crops for export. [[Audonia]]n slaves, captured or purchased from neighboring regions, were forced to work on the plantations, fueling the colony's agricultural engine. The slave trade became a lucrative source of revenue for the company and its shareholders. | |||
Despite the harsh realities of colonial rule, the [[Barbary Straits Colony]] became a hub of economic activity and cultural exchange. Its port cities, such as Bandar Abbas and Bushehr, attracted merchants, missionaries, and adventurers from across [[Audonia]] and beyond. The colony's unique blend of Marialanii and Battganuuri traditions, though often fraught with tension, contributed to a vibrant and dynamic cultural landscape. | |||
====Barbary | =====Barbary Wars===== | ||
Amid the outbreak of the Barbary Wars, while much of the anti-piracy conflict was centered around the Barbary Straits between the Buroignesc Navy and corsairs hailing from what is modern Battganuur, the range of Barbary pirates stretched even further north reaching even the domain of [[Soirwind]]. Soirwind being at the time a colonial domain under what is modern day [[Fiannria]], the spike in piracy interrupting crucial trade routes between Fiannria and Soirwind quickly drew the ire of the Levantine state. In ____ Fiannria sent a punitive expedition towards the region to combat the corsairs. Rebuffed from operating in the main combat zone and drawing too close to the Barbary Straits itself, the Fiannan war fleet set for the north towards the northern Sea of Istroya to hunt down Corsairs who broke through and expanded operations that more directly impacted Fiannria itself. The war fleet would operate between the [[Hezikian Isles]] and Soirwind for the next three years in its attempt to guard trade routes and eliminate pirate holdouts and outposts. | |||
As the conflict in the Straits themselves raged on, the Fiannan central government would delegate more and more operational authority towards the holy orders which persisted as remants from the Crusaders and independent privateers in combating northern Barbary Piracy. This culminated in the year of _____ following the victory in the Barbary straits themselves, a large contingent of Barbary ships which survived the punitive Burgoignesc expeditions escaped to the north in order to flee arrest and execution and also find a new base of operations, instead off the southern coast of Soirwind, found a fleet of privateers and corsair chasers waiting between the coast and the island of Antilles. This fleet of holy orders, privateers and colonial defense ships from Soirwind, having gotten word of the coming fleet had gathered in the strait to attack and nip the bud of any continued corsair activity in the north. The resultant battle, the [[Battle in the Kamtague Narrows]], saw the bulk of the remaining corsair force sunk or captured, and the remnants scattering, breaking any chance of a major Barbary incursion returning to operate in the north. {{Further|Burgoignesc colonial empire}} | As the conflict in the Straits themselves raged on, the Fiannan central government would delegate more and more operational authority towards the holy orders which persisted as remants from the Crusaders and independent privateers in combating northern Barbary Piracy. This culminated in the year of _____ following the victory in the Barbary straits themselves, a large contingent of Barbary ships which survived the punitive Burgoignesc expeditions escaped to the north in order to flee arrest and execution and also find a new base of operations, instead off the southern coast of Soirwind, found a fleet of privateers and corsair chasers waiting between the coast and the island of Antilles. This fleet of holy orders, privateers and colonial defense ships from Soirwind, having gotten word of the coming fleet had gathered in the strait to attack and nip the bud of any continued corsair activity in the north. The resultant battle, the [[Battle in the Kamtague Narrows]], saw the bulk of the remaining corsair force sunk or captured, and the remnants scattering, breaking any chance of a major Barbary incursion returning to operate in the north. {{Further|Burgoignesc colonial empire}} | ||
===Independence, post-colonial era=== | ===Independence, post-colonial era=== | ||