Kiravian federalism

The Kiravian Federacy is structured as an asymmetric federation in which the powers and responsibilities of governance are shared between the federal government and the governments of the various federal subjects, which include states, territories, and other regional entities, also referred to generically in Ænglish as provinces. The degree to and manner in which the federal subjects are self-governing varies according to their classification and the particular details of their constituting documents.

History

See also: Constitutional History of Kiravia

Under the Confederal Republics of Kirav, the purview of Confederal government was quite narrow, mainly limited to maintaining a common currency, enforcing customs, defensive works and raising armies in times of war, diplomatic and Urom relations, and running the Navy and postal service. The first Federal constitution significantly expanded the domestic power of the federal government, but largely maintained the assignment of the high politics of national security and foreign affairs to the federal government and the low politics of economic and social affairs to the states and territories. During the 20th century AD, the technological and economic changes of high modernity, as well as parallel developments in the Kiravian Remnant and Kiravian Union permanently disrupted the cleanly-delineated layer-cake model of Kiravian federalism. On the territory of the Kiravian Union, federalism was abolished. In the Kiravian Remnant, federalism was preserved, but the central government assumed a dramatically more powerful role in domestic affairs in order to maintain the rump federation's survival. The Restoration renewed public interest in subsidiarity and regional self-governance, but also a greater demand for regional parity and integrated economic development, resulting in the current arrangement of thematic and coöperative federalism.

Themes

The contemporary Kiravian Federacy is organised according to the principle of "thematic federalism" (glédistralix vuntirisēn), under which the provinces are divided among groups known as "themes" (Coscivian: glédistra). The themes were instituted under the Restoration Constitution to preserve national cohesion while addressing the differing policy needs of geographically distant regions, and to ensure fair representation of different regions in major political decisions. Themes are not a level of government in their own right and do not have any lawmaking powers. Thematic institutions, where they exist, are purely representative, deliberative, and coördinative.

Flag	Theme	Type	Class	Population (2030 Census)	GDP/capita
	Federation of Kiravian States	Federative	General	X,000,000	Y,000
	Commonwealth of Sarolasta	Federative	General	X,000,000	Y,000
	Sydonan People's Republic	Unitary	Special	X,000,000	Y,000
	Melian Archipelagic Republic	Unitary	Special	X,000,000	Y,000
	South Kirav	Federative	Special	X,000,000	Y,000
	Overseas Regions	neuter	General	X,000,000	Y,000
File:High resolution Osean national flag.png	Autonomous Regions	Federative	General	X,000,000	Y,000

The themes have a constitutional role and are referenced in qualified majority voting in the federal legislative process and constitutional procedures such as the election of the Prime Executive. Themes also have a policy role: the Restoration Constitution advises that the application of federal policy should be uniform within themes as much as is prudent and vary among themes as much as prudent. Themes are most prominent in policy areas related to the movement of people and goods, as different approaches to migration controls and regulation of inter-provincial commerce have been adopted to accommodate the different development needs and cultural considerations of particular themes. In the ōvsix ("general") themes - the Federation, Sarolasta, and the Overseas Regions, such policies are set by the federal government and applied on a theme-by-theme (or province-by-province in the Overseas Regions) basis, whereas in the elurix ("special") themes - South Kirav, Sydona, and the Melian Isles - considerable authority is devolved to the provincial governments within the theme to agree upon a common policy for themselves within constitutional parameters.

Two themes - the Sydonan and the Melian - contain only one province each. In these "unitary themes", the government of the sole province represents the theme in constitutional procedures and exercises any devolved powers on its own. In most of the remaining themes, termed "federative themes", the constituent subjects create common institutions by interprovincial compact to carry out these functions. Sarolasta, for example, has a Commonwealth Council of ranking provincial legislators and cabinet officers, and a popularly-elected President who serves as a spokesman and public advocate. The Overseas Regions do not have any common institutions.

Policy distribution

Federal	Concurrent	Provincial
High Politics
‣ National security ‣ Foreign policy ‣ Colonial policy ‣ Migration policy	‣ Civil defence	‣ Policing ‣ Public order ‣ Criminal justice
Economics
‣ Monetary policy ‣ Foreign commerce ‣ Inter-provincial commerce ‣ Competition law ‣ Fisheries (deepwater)	‣ Development policy ‣ Industrial policy ‣ Consumer protection ‣ Financial regulation ‣ Agricultural policy ‣ Insolvency	‣ Intra-provincial trade ‣ Natural resources ‣ Corporate governance ‣ Labour policy ‣ Land use policy ‣ Licensing ‣ Insurance policy ‣ Fisheries (territorial waters)
Administration
‣ Intellectual property ‣ Nationality law and Consular services ‣ Citizenship and naturalisation ‣ Ship registration		‣ Local and municipal government ‣ Elections ‣ Court administration ‣ Property law and registries ‣ Marriage and guardianship ‣ Civil registration ‣ Vehicle registration ‣ Treasure trove
Public Services
‣ Postal service ‣ Social Pension System ‣ Forest highways	‣ Healthcare financing ‣ Federal highways	‣ Public education ‣ Public universities ‣ Housing policy, Public housing ‣ Welfare ‣ Mosquito control ‣ Public utilities ‣ Emergency services ‣ Health quarantine and colonies ‣ Other public roads
Cultural, Social, and Behavioural Policy
‣ Imperial affairs and protocol	‣ Traditional rulers ‣ Drug policy ‣ Holidays and observances	‣ Language policy ‣ Education policy ‣ State churches ‣ Broadcasting ‣ Censorship ‣ Pyrotechnics policy ‣ Lotteries & Bookmaking ‣ Beveraged driver persecution
Miscellaneous
‣ Maritime policy ‣ Space policy	‣ Environmental policy ‣ Urom affairs	‣ Antiquities policy ‣ Field archæology

Classes

Statehood

Statehood is a constitutional status accorded to some (but not all) provinces.

• Full constitutional patriation - Whereas the chartered governments of other provinces are enacted (either unilaterally or bilaterally) by federal lawmaking bodies, can be revoked or suspended on federal authority, and require federal assent for amendments, state constitutions are creatures of state law alone. State constitutions must satisfy the minumum requirements laid out in Article F of the Kiravian constitution.
• Central bank equity - States are required to pay up their share of capital in the Reserve Bank of Kirav, according to a decennial capital key that accounts for each state's gross regional product and population.
• Fiscal autonomy - State governments are not subject to audit by federal agents.

Fiscal federalism

The taxation régime in the KF is structured to ensure that the provinces have a sufficient independent domestic revenue base to finance good governance, while also providing adequate funding for common purposes such as national defence and structural support to underdeveloped regions.

Federal government revenue comes primarily from income taxes and customs duties, and secondarily from a selection of excises on interprovincial commerce. Provincial government revenue comes primarily from consumption taxes and land value tax, and secondarily from stamp taxes, and specific duties (e.g. on alcohol, tobacco, firearms, men's magazines, electricity). In some provinces, resource rents contribute significantly to the public coffers.

Both the Federacy (the Kiravian International Investment Fund) and a few resource-rich provinces (e.g. Korlēdan) operate sovereign wealth funds. The federal KIIF serves as an instrument of foreign policy and often furthers Kiravian strategic goals, whereas the provincial sovereign wealth funds mostly serve to defray certain administrative costs (for example, public school expenses) and support the government in times of fiscal emergency.

See also

• France
• Internal trade barriers in the Kiravian Federacy
• Former Kiravian federal subjects