Hendalarskisch

Hendalarskisch
Gotet nyelv (Khunyer), Kolel can'Ulstor (Nünsyi)
Region	northwestern Levantia
Ethnicity	predominantly Hendalarskaren, Khunyer, Nunsyak
Native speakers	c.80,000,000 (2021)
Language family	Occidental Gothic Central Gothic Hendalarskisch
Early form	Old Central Gothic
Official status
Official language in	Hendalarsk
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

Hendalarskisch (Khunyer: gotetnyelv, Nünsyi: Kolel can'Ulstor) is the primary official and most widely-spoken language in Hendalarsk, a country in northwestern Levantia. The predominant Central Gothic language, Hendalarskisch forms part of the Gothic subfamily and by extension the wider Occidental superfamily. Hendalarskisch is either the second- or third-most widely-spoken Gothic language by number of native speakers, behind only Junglish and possibly Yonderian East Gothic, and enjoys widespread influence across the Vandarch littoral via its creole, the Pentapolitan Argot.

The political history of Hendalarsk means that there are many strikingly distinct dialects of Hendalarskisch across the country, most of which have survived 19th-century efforts at standardisation intact; some scholars have even argued that these dialects are themselves all closely-related languages, with "Standard Hendalarskisch" simply the most prestigious language of the Central Gothic cluster. Most Hendalarskara scholars nevertheless favour a "dialect continuum" interpretation of Hendalarskisch.

Hendalarskisch is an inflected language, with four cases for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative); three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter); and two numbers (singular, plural). It has strong and weak verbs. The majority of its vocabulary derives from the Gothic branch of Occidental, although it has also seen substantial influence from non-Occidental languages such as Khunyer and Nünsyi - a number of proposals argue that Proto-Nünsyi forms a substrate within Hendalarskisch - and latterly other non-Gothic Occidental languages, such as Burgoignesc and Fhasen.

Vocabulary

To give a flavour of Hendalarskisch vocabulary, in both its similarities and its differences from the other Gothic languages, the below table shows all Hendalarskisch words for the full 207-word Szabolcs list (a list named after its founder, Khunyer linguist Szabolcs Anton, which is employed primarily in lexicostatistics).

Szabolcs list word	Hendalarskisch form	Notes
I	isch
you (sing.)	dy
he	er
we	wir
you (pl.)	ír	(Sí, the formal form, is also used in some circumstances.)
they	sí
this	dís	As Hendalarskisch is an inflected language, this word changes substantially based on case and other factors
that	jën	As Hendalarskisch is an inflected language, this word changes substantially based on case and other factors
here	hír
there	dord
who	wer
what	was
where	wo
when	wan
how	wí
not	nischt
all	al	As Hendalarskisch is an inflected language, this word changes substantially based on case and other factors
many	víl	As Hendalarskisch is an inflected language, this word changes substantially based on case and other factors
some	mansch
few	wënisch
other	anner
one	ein
two	zwei
three	drei
four	vír
five	fönf
big	groß
long	lang
thick	dick
heavy	schwer
small	klein
short	körz
narrow	schmal
thin	dön
woman	Frau
man (adult male)	Man
man (human being)	Mensch
child	Kind
wife	Ëfrau
husband	Ëman
mother	Muter
father	Vater
animal	Tír
fish	Fisch
bird	Vogel
dog	Hund
louse	Dëder	from Khunyer
snake	Kíger	from Khunyer
worm	Wurm
tree	Baum
forest	Wald
stick	Schtock
fruit	Fruscht
seed	Samen
leaf	Blad
root	Íöger	from Khunyer
bark (of a tree)	Rinne
flower	Blome
grass	Pöme	from Khunyer
rope	Rëpe
skin	Haude
meat	Flísch
blood	Blöt
bone	Bein
fat (noun)	Fëde
egg	Ei
horn	Flötsche	from Nünsyi
tail	Fásche	from Khunyer
feather	Fëder
hair	Há
head	Kopf
ear	Ore
eye	Auge
nose	Nás