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| department = | | department = | ||
| style = His Majesty ([[Imperator#Titles|more...]]) | | style = His Majesty ([[Imperator#Titles|more...]]) | ||
| residence = [[ | | residence = [[Ataceris]] | ||
| appointer = [[Senate of Caphiria]] (officially) | | appointer = [[Senate of Caphiria]] (officially) | ||
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Caphiria]] | | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Caphiria]] | ||
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| unofficial_names = Caesar, Emperor | | unofficial_names = Caesar, Emperor | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Imperator of Caphiria''' is the | The '''Imperator of Caphiria''' is the supreme authority of the [[Imperium of Caphiria]], serving as both the head of state and the head of government. The Imperator's responsibilities encompass the executive powers of the government, ensuring legislation aligns with public sentiment, and representing the state on the international stage. Furthermore, the Imperator holds the role of commander-in-chief for the [[Imperial Armed Forces of Caphiria|Imperial Armed Forces]], presiding over 13 million active-duty military personnel, and is the nation's chief diplomat. | ||
While the role of the Imperator appears hereditary, it is not official. Despite the autocratic semblance, the cultural disdain for ''reges'' (kings), deemed inevitably corrupt, has persisted in Caphirian culture since the classical period. To become the ''princeps juventatis'', the legal candidate for the next Imperator, two prerequisites must be satisfied: selection by the preceding Imperator based on suitability, and approval and proclamation by the [[SMCR|Senate, Citizens, and Military of Caphiria]]. No one has ever taken the title of Imperator - or been legitimately recognized - without fulfilling these conditions, rendering the position of the Imperator a de facto republican head of government. | |||
The Imperator governs by way of his ''imperium maius'' (supreme executive power) and his ''auctoritas principis'' (primary legislative authority). From 1615 to 2017, the Imperator also had religious power through his ''jure divis'' (divine mandate as Pope) - however this was rescinded following the signing of the [[Eight Points Agreement]] which ended the 400-year old schism between the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Caphiric Church]]. Proclamation IX of the Constitution currently details most of the Imperator's powers, previously ruled by divine right. While the Imperator possess near limitless executive power with unilateral control, the [[Senate (Caphiria)|Senate of Caphiria]] has the ability to legally oppose most of the Imperator's actions by a super-majority. | |||
Due to the near-limitless political power, absolute control of the military, and the prestige and wealth attached to it, the Imperator is the single most powerful person in the Imperium. | |||
=Overview= | =Overview= | ||
The Imperator serves as the paramount figure in the Imperium of Caphiria, embodying both the executive and legislative authority within the country's governing system. Holding a position of supreme power, the Imperator, as the chief executive, serves as both the head of state and the head of the [[Council of Ministers (Caphiria)|Ministries of the Imperium]]. These trans-parliamentary bodies administer federal government functions on behalf of the Imperator. The Imperator's power encompasses the authority to appoint and dismiss prime ministers, create and dissolve ministries, and assign diplomatic and provincial officials. They have the ability to appoint and fire prime ministers, create and dissolve ministries, as well as the responsibility to appoint diplomatic and provincial officials. On top of his executive powers, the Imperator has ''imperium'' (executive power) over the entire [[Imperial Armed Forces of Caphiria|Armed Forces of Caphiria]], commanding the largest military in the world. | |||
The Imperators ''auctoritas principis'' (legislative authority) grants them the capability to enact and change laws, gives them the final choice in matters of legislation unless the democratic representatives of the public or the guardians of national morality regard his decision as opposed to the sovereign will. However, they seldom exercise this power directly, allowing the national parliament - the [[Corcillum|Assemblies of Caphiria]] - to operate semi-autonomously and manage their individual mandates. Despite the Imperator's immense power, the historical shift in the constitutional balance has meant that the true authority in practice often lies with the [[National Assembly (Caphiria)|National Assembly]], which functions as the national legislature. The Imperator, however, retains the power to call emergency sessions of the Corcillum. The Imperator also carries the title of President of the Corcillum, although this title mostly holds ceremonial significance and does not confer additional powers. | |||
The position of Imperator has traditionally been a combination of legal authority and extra-constitutional power. The Imperator's position has evolved over time, with various incumbents exerting their influence beyond their legal jurisdiction. A notable example is Imperator Caesar Marcandro who, during the 19th century, blurred the lines of the traditionally non-partisan role of the Imperator by openly endorsing specific political candidates and parties during Corcillum elections. He leveraged his influence to shape the political landscape in a manner that aligned with his personal ideology. Indeed, some Imperators have used their influence to circumvent the legislative processes set out in the Constitution. Imperator Otiber III, reigning in the early 18th century, was infamous for his excessive use of 'executive orders', frequently enacting authoritative policies without the formal approval of the Corcillum. A notable executive order issued by Otiber III was the Harpocrates Edict, which effectively placed strict state control over the media; any publication or broadcaster found criticizing the Imperator or his policies were severely punished, resulting in widespread self-censorship. It was ruled unconstitutional 3 years after it was passed. | |||
Despite the seeming breach of legal limits, these actions have often been widely accepted, with citizens indulging their leader in these respects because of his supreme personal ''dignitas'' (social standing). Separate from his public office, an Imperator bears the highest ''dignitas'' of a Caphirian citizen and has sacrosanctity from physical harm under Catholic and Caphirian laws. Violating his sanctity is sacrilege and treason - punished by death. While the Imperator possess near limitless executive power, the Senate has the ability to legally oppose most of the Imperator's actions by a super-majority. | |||
=Titles= | =Titles= | ||
An Imperator holds a number of titles collected over the millennia, many conferring powers unique to his office. They are not necessarily held by every Imperator, having distinct ceremonies or criteria. | An Imperator holds a number of titles collected over the millennia, many conferring powers unique to his office. They are not necessarily held by every Imperator, having distinct ceremonies or criteria. | ||
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* ''Dzeroun'', from the South Tryhstian peoples in 1777 after Martin Vaguobatte's speech praising Caphirian authority | * ''Dzeroun'', from the South Tryhstian peoples in 1777 after Martin Vaguobatte's speech praising Caphirian authority | ||
The multitude of titles and offices demonstrates the diversity of the empire's populace and the history of its rule. | The multitude of titles and offices demonstrates the diversity of the empire's populace and the history of its rule. | ||
=== Former titles === | === Former titles === | ||
''Episcopus Caphiria'' ("Bishop of Caphiria"), office of the head of the Apostolic See (no longer in use as of 2017); | ''Episcopus Caphiria'' ("Bishop of Caphiria"), office of the head of the Apostolic See (no longer in use as of 2017); | ||
''Pontifex Maximus'' ("Pope" or "πάπα", literally "Greatest Bridgemaker"), office of the Imperial Catholic papacy taken by emperors following the civil war, requires acceptance by the College of Cardinals (no longer in use as of 2017) | ''Pontifex Maximus'' ("Pope" or "πάπα", literally "Greatest Bridgemaker"), office of the Imperial Catholic papacy taken by emperors following the civil war, requires acceptance by the College of Cardinals (no longer in use as of 2017) | ||
=Powers and duties= | =Powers and duties= | ||
The majority of an Imperator's powers are set forth in Article IV of the Constitution. These abilities cannot be further obstructed by any organ of government other than the Censorial Assembly and are therefore the emperor's absolute powers, in contrast with his minor powers granted by non-constitutional laws. | The majority of an Imperator's powers are set forth in Article IV of the Constitution. These abilities cannot be further obstructed by any organ of government other than the Censorial Assembly and are therefore the emperor's absolute powers, in contrast with his minor powers granted by non-constitutional laws. | ||