Odoneru hurricane
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An Odoneru hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Odoneru Ocean, usually between the months of June and November. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Odoneru Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the Ocean of Cathay, and a cyclone occurs in the Levantine Ocean.
Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34k nots, 17m/s, 63km/h), while hurricanes have one-minute maximum sustained winds exceeding 74 mph (64 knots, 33 m/s, 119 km/h). Most Odoneru tropical storms and hurricanes form between June 1 and November 30. The Burgundian Maritime Navigation Administration monitors the basin and issues reports, watches, and warnings about tropical weather systems for the North Odoneru Basin as one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers for tropical cyclones, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization.
In recent times, tropical disturbances that reach tropical storm intensity are named from a predetermined list. Hurricanes that result in significant damage or casualties may have their names retired from the list at the request of the affected nations in order to prevent confusion should a subsequent storm be given the same name. On average, in the North Odoneru Basin (from 1966 to 2009) 11.3 named storms occur each season, with an average of 6.2 becoming hurricanes and 2.3 becoming major hurricanes (Category 3 or greater).
Formation
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Approximately 83% of tropical cyclones that become Odoneru Hurricanes form where the Hadley Cell meets the Intertropical Convergence Zone in an area known as the Lower Kilikas Triangle between New Ardmore, Crotona and Urlazio. The term references the fact that a majority of those hurricanes will end up ripping through the Kilikas Storm Belt.
Steering factors
Odoneru tropical cyclones are steered by the surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere (the atmosphere from the surface to about eight miles (12 km) high). In the tropical latitudes, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tendency toward the north, under the influence of the subtropical ridge, a high pressure system that usually extends east-west across the subtropics. The storms pick up momentum and energy in the warm North Equatorial Current along Urlazio and Cartadania before gaining hurricane strength in the mouth of the Landder Straights. Depending on the pressure system along the Landder Straights the storm with either continue into the Cronan Sea, or more likely the tropical cyclone may turn poleward along the Cronan coast and then recurve, or curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the Westerlies and into the Kilikas Storm Belt. Once in the Kilikas Sea the Polar winds cold air pushes the warm weather system down into Burgundie and northern Fiannria. The hurricanes normally stay within the Burgundian Caldera twisting until they run out of energy or until they are swept by following high pressure systems into the Levantine Ocean.
Intensity
Generally speaking, the intensity of a tropical cyclone is determined by either the storm's maximum sustained winds or lowest barometric pressure. Owing to their intensity, the strongest Odoneru hurricanes have all attained Category 5 classification.
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Monitoring and Response
Odoneru Hurricanes are monitored by two regional command centers, Hurricane Regional Command North (HRCN) in Martilles, Burgundie and Hurricane Regional Command South (HRCS), in PLACE, Paulastra. Previous to the creation of the modern iteration of these commands in 1973, each nation tracked hurricanes on their own, to varying success. Burgundie, Faneria, and Fiannria through the Levantine Union created a joint monitoring mechanism in the 1940s but the methods and technologies were insufficient to be very effective. Paulastra and Kiravia operated independent of any other nation but both had agreements at various times to sell the Levantine Union any hurricane related information. The processes for information transfer were untimely, often miscommunicated, and sometimes counter to the foreign policy of the nations involved and in 1972 the Odoneru basin nations (that matter at least), developed the northern and southern joint command program. Implemented in 1973 the system is estimated to save the participating nations hundreds of civilian lives and $billions in recovery spending each year.
Hurricane Regional Command South (HRCS), is the coordinating center for Paulastrastani and Kiravian hurricane response and acts as an early warning center for the HRCN. Hurricane Regional Command North (HRCN), pronounced ‘’hurricane’’, is the coordinating center for Fiannrian, Fanerian, and Burgundian hurricane response. While both centers track tropical cycles throughout their lifecycle, HRCS is statutorily responsible for reporting potential and active tropical depressions south of the Tropic of Cancer, and HRCN for anything north of that latitude. After the 1994 hurricane season the watch centers of both commands were more closely aligned as the devastation was partially attributed to a poor communication between commands.
Response and Recovery
While hurricane response is the purview of the individual nation’s responsibility, the Levantine Union nations take a combined approach to this type of large scale response and recovery operation. Personnel, resources, and expertise are often transferred between Burgundie, Faneria, and Fianntia to support the most directly impacted jurisdictions. This approach has led to the three nations developing a small but elite cadre of hurricane response and recovery cadre who have been selected from a large candidacy pool from all three nations. This team, Hurricane Fast Action Support Team (HurriFAST) is divided into 4 sections: Alpha, Bravo, Delta, and Echo. Charlie no longer exists as its name was retired when a large number of Charlie section was killed during the 1994 hurricane season response. Each team is equally capable and self-sustaining. They can be deployed independently or in concert to support local response and/or recovery efforts. These teams can be supplemented with reservists who are not actively part of the HurriFAST program but have completed the training, as well as private emergency response contractors like Beacon Business Continuity and Incident Management and Perfect Storm Emergency Response Corps.
Notable storms
Hurricane of 1821
Hit Kartika directly, dealing extensive damage to the city's infrastructure. Extensive flooding of the city's low-lying areas forced the temporary relocation of several federal government bodies to Primóra and West Valēka.
1887 Hurricane Season
Latest season on record with 4 hurricanes occurring after November 1. 11 occurred throughout the entire season.
Hurricane of 1948
The longest recorded path of an Odoneru tropical cyclone was in 1948 which travelled from the Lower Kilikas Triangle, to the Landder Straights, off the Cronan coast, across to Korbos, through the straights into the Kilikas, down into the Burgundian Caldera, and then into the Levantine Ocean where it drove into Kazirstan before petering out over its inland mountains. Existed for 32 days, perfect storm of continuing to catch low pressure systems and unseasonably warm currents in the Kilikas.
1994 Kilkas Hurricane Season
Highest recorded number of storms in a single season, 24. 16 of them named, 8 of them over category 3, 3 of them cat 4, 1 cat 5.
Deadliest and most destructive, southern and eastern Kirav, northern Faneria, northern Fiannria and Burgundie impacted.
2035 Hurricane Season
Notable because of the rapid succession of large hurricanes making landfall. In Cartadania alone in a three week period, a Category 4 hurricane (Karina) skirted the coast of Cascália causing massive beachfront damage. A cold front pressing south pushed the storm down into Aleira where it stalled for three days. As the wind slowed the rain over saturated the ground and massive inland flooding overcame river banks and caused widespread flash flooding. The storm pushed into Milano as a post-tropical depression and petered out, but not after dumping an average of 6 inches of rain in its path. An unnamed tropical depression passed up through Acara the following week causing minor flooding and wind damage. 4 days later, Hurricane Lorraine, a Category 1 storm sped into San Andreas. The storm was abnormally large and rain and wind were damaging in San Andreas but devastating in Cascália where the already breached rivers and dams were again inundated with rain. Trees fell at the lightest wind as the ground around their roots turned to lose mud. Roadways collapsed as their drainage basins washed away. Sewage plants in a number of communities overtopped and public health emergencies and evacuations were called. Landslides became fairly common but varied widely in magnitude.
Trends
While the number of storms in the Sea of Odoneru has increased since 1995, there is no obvious global trend. The annual number of tropical cyclones worldwide remains about 87 ± 10. Storms of Odoneru origin are becoming more destructive financially, since five of the ten most expensive storms in Burgundie history have occurred since 1990.
Often in part because of the threat of hurricanes, many coastal regions had sparse population between major ports until the advent of automobile tourism; therefore, the most severe portions of hurricanes striking the coast may have gone unmeasured in some instances. The combined effects of ship destruction and remote landfall severely limit the number of intense hurricanes in the official record before the era of hurricane reconnaissance aircraft and satellite meteorology, primarily driven by the Burgundian Maritime Navigation Administration. Although the record shows a distinct increase in the number and strength of intense hurricanes, therefore, experts regard the early data as suspect. An Administration report in 1997 estimated an undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910. These undercounts roughly take into account the typical size of tropical cyclones, the density of shipping tracks over the Odoneru basin, and the amount of populated coastline.
The number and strength of Odoneru hurricanes may undergo a 50–70 year cycle, also known as the Odoneru Multidecadal Oscillation. The Fanerian Office of Maritime Trade reconstructed Odoneru major hurricane activity back to the early eighteenth century and found five periods averaging 3–5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 40–60 years, and six other averaging 1.5–2.5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 10–20 years. These periods are associated with the Odoneru multidecadal oscillation. Throughout, a decadal oscillation related to solar irradiance was responsible for enhancing/dampening the number of major hurricanes by 1–2 per year.
Although more uncommon since 1995, few above-normal hurricane seasons occurred during 1970–1994. Destructive hurricanes struck frequently from 1926–1960, including many major Burgundian hurricanes. Twenty-one Odoneru tropical storms formed in 1933, a record only recently exceeded in 1994, which saw 24 storms. Tropical hurricanes occurred infrequently during the seasons of 1900–1925; however, many intense storms formed during 1870–1899. During the 1887 season, 19 tropical storms formed, of which a record 4 occurred after November 1 and 11 strengthened into hurricanes. Few hurricanes occurred in the 1840s to 1860s; however, many struck in the early 19th century, including an 1821 storm that made a direct hit on Kartika. Some historical weather experts say these storms may have been as high as Category 4 in strength.
These active hurricane seasons predated satellite coverage of the Odoneru basin. Before the satellite era began in 1960, tropical storms or hurricanes went undetected unless a reconnaissance aircraft encountered one, a ship reported a voyage through the storm, or a storm landed in a populated area. The official record, therefore, could miss storms in which no ship experienced gale-force winds, recognized it as a tropical storm (as opposed to a high-latitude extra-tropical cyclone, a tropical wave, or a brief squall), returned to port, and reported the experience.