United Republic dollar

The United Republic Dollar (symbol: $; ISO code: URD; also abbreviated UR$ or U.R. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.R. dollar, Alstinian dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United Republic and several other countries. The Currency Act of 1690 introduced the U.R. dollar at par with the Levantine Taler, divided it into 100 cents, and authorized the minting of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.R. banknotes are issued by the Federal Reserve System in the form of Federal Reserve Notes. The Federal Reserve System also conducts the monetary policy of the United Republic in conjunction with the Ministry of the Treasury, and acts the nation's central bank.

United Republic dollar
ISO 4217
Code	URD
Denominations
Subunit
1/100	Cent
Plural	Dollars
Cent	Cents
Symbol	$
Cent	¢
Nickname	Buck
Banknotes
Freq. used	$1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100
Rarely used	$500, $1000 (discontinued, still legal tender)
Coins
Freq. used	¢5, ¢10, ¢25, ¢50, $1
Rarely used	¢1 (discontinued, still legal tender)
Demographics
Date of introduction	1 May 1690
User(s)	Alstin Pankara Ulaga
Issuance
Central bank	Federal Reserve

For most of its existence, the dollar was classified as being commodity money, its value linked to silver and gold, until 1892, at which point the dollar was solely backed by gold. Since 1979, the dollar has been deemed as fiat money, backed only by the economy in the areas where it is accepted.

Overview

Under Article One, Section Eight of the U.R. Constitution, Parliament has the power "to coin money,", and has over the centuries implemented laws in regards to this power, as currently codified in Title 30 of the U.R. Code, under Section 5115, which prescribes the forms in which the United Republic dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in the section as "legal tender" in payment of debts. Section 5115 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 100 dollars.

In addition, Article One, Section Nine of the Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time", which is further specified by Section 334 of Title 30 of the U.R. Code. The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently expressed in U.R. dollars, thus the U.R. dollar may be described as the unit of account of the United Republic.

Nicknames

The colloquialism buck(s) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.R. dollar. This term, dating to the early 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade, or it may also have originated from a poker term.

Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include colorprints, rainbows, and dead heads, the latter of which referring to the deceased kings and presidents pictured on the bills. Dollars in general have also been known as bones, while newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse (rather than in cameo insets), upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as face notes.

Nicknames specific to denomination:

• The quarter dollar coin is known as two bits, alluding the dollar's origins as the "piece of eight".
• The $1 bill is nicknamed buck, single, or Founder, after King Alstanus Ryefield.
• The infrequently-used $2 bill is sometimes called deuce, Doug, or Corvin, after King Douglas Corvinus.
• The $5 bill is sometimes called fiver, Mark, or Alanson, after President Marcus Alanson.
• The $10 bill is sometimes called sawbuck, raven, or Atwood, after President James Atwood.
• The $20 bill is sometimes called double sawbuck, Sam (after President Samuel Clement), or double raven.
• The $50 bill is sometimes called a square (after it depiction of Leman Square on the reverse), or a Patrick, after President Patrick T. Jones.
• The $100 bill is called Alfred, Alfie (both referring to its potrait of President Alfred F. Jones), or Jade, referring to its depiction of the Jade Palace on the reverse. Other nicknames include C-note (C being the Latin numeral for 100), or bill (e.g. two bills = $200).
• Amounts or multiples of $1,000 are sometimes called grand in colloquial speech, abbreviated in written form to G, K, or k (from kilo; e.g. $5k = $5,000). Likewise, a large or stack can also refer to a multiple of $1,000 (e.g. "twenty large" = $20,000).

History

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Coins

Current UR Cent coinage

Obverse	Reverse	Value	Main color	Obverse motif	Reverse motif	Current series or withdrawal date
TBA	TBA	One Cent	Aluminum	1¢	Liberty Torch	2025 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Five Cents	Copper	5¢	Rose	2025 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Ten Cents	Nickel	10¢	Kjeldoran Wolf	2025 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Twenty Five Cents	Silver	25¢	Alstinian Raven	2025 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Fifty Cents	Gold	50¢	Oak Tree	2025 series (current)

Banknotes

Current UR Dollar banknotes

Obverse	Reverse	Value	Main color	Obverse motif	Reverse motif	Current series or withdrawal date
TBA	TBA	One Dollar	Grey	Alstanus Ryefield	The Founding of Alstin by R. Norman Roswell	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Two Dollars	Red	Douglas Corvinus	The Signing of the Omnibus Canon by C.W. Russell	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Five Dollars	Blue	Marcus Alanson	Great Seal of the United Republic	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Ten Dollars	Orange	James Atwood	Atwood Memorial	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Twenty Dollars	Green	Samuel Clement	Paladine Hall	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	Fifty Dollars	Yellow	Patrick T. Jones	Leman Square	2030 series (current)
TBA	TBA	One Hundred Dollars	Purple	Alfred F. Jones	Jade Palace	2030 series (current)

Monetary Policy

See also: Federal Reserve System, Ministry of the Treasury, Monetary policy, Monetary Policy of the United Republic

The Federal Finance and Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System in 1894 as the central bank of the United Republic, with its principal task being to conduct the nation's monetary policy to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates in the Alstinian economy. It is also tasked to promote the stability of the financial system and regulate financial institutions, and to act as lender of last resort.

The Monetary policy of the United Republic is conducted by the United Republic Open Market Commission, which is composed of the Minister of the Treasury, Federal Reserve Board of Governors and 6 out of the 13 Federal Reserve Bank presidents, and is implemented by all thirteen regional Federal Reserve Banks.

Monetary policy refers to actions made by central banks that determine the size and growth rate of the money supply available in the economy, and which would result in desired objectives like low inflation, low unemployment, and stable financial systems. The economy's aggregate money supply is the total of:

• M0 money, or Monetary Base – "dollars" in currency and bank money balances credited to the central bank's depositors, which are backed by the central bank's assets,
• plus M1, M2, M3 money – "dollars" in the form of bank money balances credited to banks' depositors, which are backed by the bank's assets and investments.

The UROMC influences the level of money available to the economy by the following means:

• Reserve requirements – specifies a required minimum percentage of deposits in a commercial bank that should be held as a reserve, with the rest available to loan or invest. Higher requirements mean less money loaned or invested, helping keep inflation in check. Raising the federal funds rate earned on those reserves also helps achieve this objective.
• Open market operations – the Federal Reserve buys or sells UR Treasury bonds and other securities held by banks in exchange for reserves; more reserves increase a bank's capacity to loan or invest elsewhere.
• Discount window lending – banks can borrow from the Federal Reserve.

Monetary policy directly affects interest rates; it indirectly affects stock prices, wealth, and currency exchange rates. Through these channels, monetary policy influences spending, investment, production, employment, and inflation in the United Republic. Effective monetary policy complements fiscal policy to support economic growth.

When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money. Commercial banks then decide how much money to keep in deposit with the Federal Reserve and how much to hold as physical currency. In the latter case, the Federal Reserve places an order for printed money from the U.R. Treasury Ministry. The Treasury Ministry, in turn, sends these requests to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (to print new dollar bills) and the Bureau of the Mint (to stamp the coins).

E-commerce

Main article: E-commerce in Alstin

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Exchange Rate

Historical Exchange Rates

Currency Units	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2020	2030
Levantine Taler	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	0.916
Caphirian Aureus	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	0.907
Cartadanian Esucdo	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	0.982
Fanerian Barra	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	3.431
Kiravian Saar	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	0.971
Castadillaan Peseta	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	51.996
Arcer Pound	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	1.326
Tierradorian Ponča	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	1.891
Cape Saer	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	14.796
Daxian Lire	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	6.948
Ehemoan Peso	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	29.710
Asteria Dollar	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	TBA	2.557

See Also

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