Revision as of 00:58, 10 April 2023

Second-level Administrative Divisions of Kiravia

21120 Census Bérasar
Kiravian Federation	9,165,570
Overseas Regions	310,019
Faneria	243,490
Levantine Union	241,103
Caphiria	117,161
Hendalarsk	80,520
Caergwynn	69,835
Lilliputia	52,758
Corumm	67,540
Bigtopia	60,438
Gongchakuo	56,692
Cartadania	55,022
Marche Noir	52,758
Titecaxha	49,124
Sydona Islands	7,300
Telonaticolan	47,058
South Kirav	18,209
Other countries and territories	846,914

21120 Census Pontevedra
Great Kirav	9,165,570
Overseas Regions	310,019
The Cape	243,490
Cartadania	241,403
Caphiria	117,161
Paulastra	80,062
Sydona Islands	77,300
Turkey	69,835
Corumm	67,540
Kelekona	60,438
Gongchakuo	56,692
Levantine Union	55,022
Biznatchistan	52,758
Titecaxha	49,124
D.R. Wiki	47,091
Telonaticolan	47,058
Chappaqua	18,209
Other countries and territories	846,914

Second-level administrative divisions of Kiravia (Kiravic: Idotorūix astrotheśkæ Kiraviá) are those administrative-territorial formations existing directly below the provinces of the Kiravian Federacy.

Most states and territories in Great Kirav are divided into 20-40 countyships/raions.

In some provinces, such as Niyaska, an intermediate level of administrative division between the province and the countyship/raion exists, but this is not present in all states or even throughout some provinces where it is present.

Terminology

The generic Kiravic term for Kiravian second-level administrative divisions is amtra, usually translated as "countyship" or "county". In federal subjects where Kiravic is not the traditional or official language, local terms such as x, y, z, are used instead, but almost always translated to amtra in Kiravic. Some federal subjects with multiple classes of second-level divisions other than countyships use deneþuriguv (variously translated as "bailiwick" or "magisterial district") as the generic term.

Under the Kiravian Union, the term amtra was replaced with raīon. After the Federal Restoration this change was reversed, but a few home-rule countyships nominally retain the title of raīon for themselves, whether out of nostalgia for the Kiravian Union or simple inertia. This difference in title has no governmental significance.

Typology

Classes

Most provinces have only one class of second-level division, the countyship.

Provincial laws sometimes define other classes of second-level administrative divisions distinct from countyships. The most common of these is the free city (víutisar), which is typically a populous, thoroughly urbanised municipality of special significance that is beyond the jurisdiction of any county. Free cities exist in Ventarya (X such cities), Hanoram (2 cities), Suderavia (one city), Valtéra (one city), Asperidan (one city), and the District of Coīnvra (one city).

Some sparsely-populated areas or frontier regions may be designated as districts (distriktuv) or peripheries (rymnivera). This is usually indicative of a smaller, weaker governmental apparatus with greater dependency on the provincial government than the subject's countyships. Districts exist in Verastia Territory, West Rhuon, and various parts of Kiravian Crona.

The East Arctic Mandate is divided into raīonya and vestra ("boroughs"), with the latter being functionally equivalent to independent cities.

Grades

Five unofficial grades of countyships may be defined, based on their degree of self-governance: autonomous countyships, home rule countyships, standard countyships, limited or departmental countyships, and non-governing countyships.

Autonomous countyships have special status, enjoy wide-reaching structural, functional, and fiscal autonomy, and enjoy exemptions from generally applicable state laws. Currently, all autonomous countyships are designated for Urom communities or National Minority populations, though there have been proposals to create autonomous countyships for other purposes, such as to govern the Holden Island bistate condominium or to expand casino gambling.

Home-rule countyships are self-organised (the countyship government is a fiscally and legally independent corporate entity from the provincial government, though functioning within the parameters of provincial laws and charged with administrative responsibilities by the province), and enjoy significant structural, functional, and fiscal latitude, in contrast to standard countyships, which have their structures fully and functions significantly defined by province-wide law and are fiscally accountable to the provincial government. Standard countyships are by far the most common type, followed by home rule countyships. Together, standard and home-rule countyships account for the vast majority of Kiravian second-level divisions and contain almost the entirety (>96%) of the Kiravian population. In some provinces, such as Hanoram State, all countyships are home-rule by default. In others, such as Cascada, home rule is granted on an individual basis by the legislature.

In some provinces, and for some specific countyships in other provinces, the countyship government does not exist as an entity distinct from the provincial government. These are classified as limited countyships. County-level powers are exercised by provincial agencies and appointees, usually in the absence of locally-elected officials or councils. In Itaho-Falkaria, for example, several sparsely-populated countyships are administered directly by the Territorial Forestry Service. In Sydona, Destran Raion is a "raion of republican subordination" administered by a Department of Metropolitan Affairs.

Some countyships have no government of their own, but nonetheless exist on paper and may be used as a judicial, statistical, and administrative district by other government agencies. In some cases, such non-governing countyships arose through attrition, as responsibilities of a previous county government were devolved to municipal governments and/or resumed by the state. This has occurred in several countyships in Fariva, the X cantons of Valēka (each of which is a countyship of Kiygrava State), and all countyships of Bissáv, all of which still have county courts and county registrars. In most cases, however, non-governing countyships are created in areas where no previous county-level government existed, such as islands with no permanent civilian population or small provinces whose territory is coterminous with a single county (Interlacunal District, Fanlin Island). There have been several instances in Kiravian history when entire counties have been depopulated by war, crop failures, or other exceptional circumstances. In Kyllera, individual countyship governments can cease to function for extended periods due to unrest (usually involving the Síruku aboriginals) and disease. In Daridia, it is not uncommon for certain rural counties to elect councils with hardline libertarian majorities that either vote themselves out of existence, refuse to carry out any business, or fail to convene at all.

Functions

The two quintessential county-level institutions are the county court and the county registry.

Courts

County courts are the courts of first instance for the overwhelming majority of judicial proceedings in Kiravia, both criminal and civil. Jurors are selected from among the residents of the county.

Registry

The county registry is the repository for a wide range of official records and documents. The county Registrar may be directly elected or appointed by the County Commission.

The county registry certifies and records titles and deeds and produces the county's cadastral map. It maintains the thramdastraterion ("household registry"), and issues and stores certificates of birth, death, and marriage. Where offered, domestic partnerships and civil unions are normally recorded at the county level. The county registry maintains (but does not always administer) the electoral rolls and election returns. Trusts are typically organised and registered at the county level, and in some provinces other non-corporate business entities - such as partnerships and registered associations - are registered at the county level as well.

Other Functions and Services

Other things counties often run are:

Jails
Jails
More jails
Electoral administration
Health clinics

Spatial planning
County roads
Utilities contracts
Waste management
LVT assessment

Animal control
Bus rapid transit
Library systems
Park systems
Ag' halls

Policing

[Role of amtra in policing]

Articles on Specific Countyships

County Paramóra

Paramóra
Countyship

Subject	Central Æonara
Seat	Sirana
Population	2,112,000
Government	Body County Commission Executive Mattéuv E.H. Iritūranuv (R)
Municipalities	Sirana (city) Sirana Beach (city) South Sirana (city) North Sirana (city) West Sirana (city) Saar-Æonara (city) Paramóra City (city)
Other Settlements	Indôla Unruxa Shady Grove
Website	www.paramóra.cae.kr

Paramóra is a county (amtra) of Central Æonara, located on the South Atrassic coast. It encompasses the city of Sirana and the core of its metropolitan area, which extends outward into the adjacent counties. Xūrosar metropolitan area, and is primarily rural in character, with several growing exurban communities. It is well-known as the site of the Thóridan Massacre during the Cromwelute Wars, when victorious Coscivian forces indiscriminately slaughtered the entire population of a Cromwelute town that had existed on the site of what it now the borough of Thóridan. The anniversary of this event is celebrated with local festivities, and is also commemorated during Sāxna Būraktorsk Gromhélulya, a federal holiday.

According to the 21200 Census, the population of Co. Altair was 72,000. 71.24% of the population reported themselves as belonging to the Arnórian Coscivian ethnosocial group, with 53.35% reporting it as their sole group identity. 22% of the population are Celtic-Kiravians, virtually all of them Kiravian Gaels.

Æonaran Coscivian is the predominant spoken language in the county ~~and the main working language of the county government for most purposes, though Kiravic Coscivian and Kiravian Gaelic have auxilliary official status.~~ Six our of nine seats on the County Commission are held by the Renaissance Party, with the remainder held by the Democratic Party.

[Agriculture]

Settlements

Incorporated Municipalities'

Sirana (city)
Sirana Beach (city)
South Sirana (city)
North Sirana (city)
West Sirana (city)
Saar-Æonara (city)
Paramóra City (city)

Northwest Sirana (city)
Sirana Gardens
Sirana Lakes
Sirana Springs
Pomplémusar (Grapefruit City)

Demarcated Communities'

Inodarya
Hh
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Unofficial Settlements

Krātovil

Points of Interest

Pitbull

Another Caucus List

Caucus		Camp
Shaftonist-Republican Alliance	Mainstream, pro-market conservatives and reformists, mainly in the Renascentist and Shaftonist-democratic tradition	Pro-admin.
Caritist Social Union	Religiously-inspired centre- to centre-left economic reformers	Divided
Coscivian National Congress	Coscivian nationalists and centre-authoritarian statists	Pro-admin.
New Deal Alliance	Kirosocialists, other socialists and social-democrats, and other left-wing populists and nationalists.	Anti-admin.
Authentic Historical Caucus	Market-skeptical and rural-oriented traditionalist conservatives, doctrinnaire theoconservatives and Islamists, Imperial Revivalists, and Southern regionalists.	Anti-admin.
Union of Democrats & Independents	Liberal centrists, modern liberals, and dissident Shaftonist-Republicans	Anti-admin.
Kiravian Free Alliance	Anti-establishment populists, libertarians, and others.	Anti-admin.
Kiravia of Regions	Antifederalists, minority interest parties, and others.	Neutral

Immigrants 🤮

Bérasar

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-=National Service Suspension Order=
-{{Infobox legislation
-|short_title        = National Service Suspension Order 1988
-|legislature        = [[Prime Executive of the Kiravian Federacy|Prime Executure]]
-|image              = File:KiravianCoA.png
-|imagesize          = 100px
-|imagealt            =
-|caption            =
-|long_title          = Order to Suspend Recruitment and Enlistment under the National Service System
-|citation            = 991/112-0462
-|territorial_extent  = Kiravian Collectivity
-|enacted_by          = [[Ivardus Kólsylvar]]
-|date_enacted        = 1988 AD
-|date_passed        =
-|enacted_by2        =
-|date_enacted2      =
-|date_passed2        =
-|date_assented      =
-|royal_assent        =
-|date_signed        =
-|date_commenced      =
-|date_of_expiry      =
-|date_repealed      =
-|administered_by    =
-|bill                =
-|bill_citation      =
-|bill_date          =
-|introduced_by      =
-|1st_reading        =
-|2nd_reading        =
-|3rd_reading        =
-|conf_committee_passed  =
-|bill2              =
-|bill_citation2      =
-|bill_date2          =
-|introduced_by2      =
-|1st_reading2        =
-|2nd_reading2        =
-|3rd_reading2        =
-|conf_committee_passed2 =
-|date_conf_committee =
-|white_paper        =
-|committee_report    =
-|amendments          =
-|repeals            =
-|related_legislation = [[Index of Kiravian Legislation#Federal|National Service Act]]
-|summary            = Indefinitely suspended the recruitment and enlistment of new conscripts under the National Service system, while leaving registration requirements and other provisions of the National Service Act in operation.
-|keywords            =
-|status              = Current
-}}
-The '''National Service Suspension Order''' is an {{wp|executive order}} issued by PE [[Ivardus Kólsylvar]] in 1988 AD. It exercised the authority reserved to the Prime Executive under the [[Index of Kiravian Legislation#Federal|National Service Act]] to suspend the enlistment of new conscripts into the [[Kiravian Armed Forces]] on the basis of the military's manpower needs and logistical considerations.
-==Background==
-During the [[Kiravian Sunderance|Sunderance]], both the [[Kiravian Union]] and [[Kiravian Remnant]] practised military conscription. The Federalist government based on [[Æonara]] emulated the National Service system in place in the neighbouring [[the Cape|Cape]]. The Kiravian National Service system was intended to mobilise the Remnant's much-reduced population in order to deter aggression against its remaining scattered territories and ultimately retake the Mainland, while fostering a sense of national unity and shared purpose. The Kiravian Union relied on both military conscription and corvée labour for defence, major infrastructure projects, and other labour-intensive public undertakings.
-Kiravian reunification in 1985 AD changed the calculus underlying both conscription policies. The restored Federalist government found itself in a far less precarious strategic position and now faced the difficult and expensive task of reintegrating the Mainland under its rule.
-The 1985 draft was postponed and ultimately cancelled on the Mainland due to the complexities of the reunification process, but went forward in the former Remnant, due to the unresolved Sydonan Question and lingering fears of armed resistence on the Mainland. A draft also occurred in [[Sydona]], which operated as a ''de facto'' independent Kirosocialist rump state [[Sydona#Reintegration|for much of that year]]. The draft resumed nationwide in 1986, but only a fraction of the draft class (35% in the former Remnant, 20% in the former Union) were enlisted into active service, with the majority being assigned directly to reserve duty or to civilian service (45% in the Remnant, 20% in the former Union) or excused.
-==Implementation==
-According to ''Rough Draft'', [[List_of_Kiravian_academics#Mévar_I.L.R._Ríladorian|Mévar Ríladorian]]'s seminal work on the topic, high-level discussions about the future of conscription began almost immediately after reunification was formalised, but did not crystallise into serious policy proposals until 1986, by which time Federalist control over the Mainland and Sydona was secure and High Command had a more complete organisational understanding of the former KPA that it was tasked with absorbing.
-With the 1986 draft date approaching and the high costs of administering Great Kirav's bloated population and revitalising its imploded economy weighing heavily on the restored government, the [[Executive College]] and the Stanora's Defence Committee sought recommendations from the general staff, government analysts, and independent think-tanks on how to proceed. The vast majority of recommendations solicited concluded that conscription should be scaled back and eventually abandoned. The most prominent dissenting voice came from the journal of the [[United Allegiance Society]], which argued that extending National Service with a larger civilian component to the liberated provinces and women was necessary to foster renewed national solidarity, implement cultural/ideological de-Kirsokisation, manage the youth unemployment that would result from coming market reforms, and assist humanitarian and reconstruction efforts in underdeveloped provinces.
-The case for retaining National Service made in the UAS journal was presented to the Defence Committee by Delegate [[Vin Pertamin]] of West Æonara, widely reprinted in the mainstream press, and found persuasive by many. However, the Committee and the Executive College nonetheless approved the general staff's request for a smaller levy. The large number of excusals granted to the '86 draft class, combined with the contraction of many local economies on the Mainland, prompted reconsideration of the UAS' arguments, but proposals for mandatory civilian service on the Mainland were found to be too costly.
-According to Ríladorian, the Kólsylvar administration had already resolved to suspend National Service in early 1987, but allowed a further-reduced draft to proceed that year at the request of the Citadel, citing delays in launching its volunteer recruitment system and a need for manpower to assist with non-combat "transition operations".
-Kólsylvar finally issued the National Service Suspension Order and corresponding military orders in the early days of 1988. The Order suspended recruitment and enlistment through the National Service system. Subsequent legislation addressed the fate of the various civilian service components and the defunding of the National Service bureaucracy apart from the Conscription Office. However, the National Service Act remains in force, and registration for the draft (which could be reäctivated by the Prime Executive at any time) remains compulsory for resident [[Kiravian nationality law|Kiravian nationals]] and for resident aliens on immigration visas.
-==Reception==
-The suspension of conscription was welcomed by the military brass and enjoyed broad consensus among the political class. To the surprise of some, its reception among the general population was more tepid. Many citizens raised in the former Remnant, especially those who had completed their NS term, viewed the system as an important national institution and lifecycle milestone. Citizens from both halves of the newly-reunited nation shared concerns that reliance on volunteers would weaken the nation's defences. On the Mainland, where conditions for conscripts in the Kiravian People's Army had been less than stellar and memories thereof correspondingly less fond, there was less overt opposition to the order. However, many citizens raised in the Kiravian Union still had reservations about the end of conscription, including fears that, combined with the dominance of former Remnant officers in the new command structure, the reunified Kiravian Forces would not be a "people's army" representative of the national majority, but rather a repressive instrument of the Æonaran élite.
-Several states, mostly in the former Remnant, vowed to preserve National Service at the provincial level, and their legislatures drew up plans to draft resident youth into their state defence forces and civilian service programmes. Of the several plans drafted, fewer were implemented, and most were abandoned within two years. The surviving Provincial Service systems in the former Remnant all saw their military component attenuated from full-time militia service to mandatory reserve and training programmes for men, and saw their civilian service programmes expanded and opened to both genders.
-Provincial Service on the reserve + civilian corps model continues today in [[West Æonara]], [[Umcara State]], [[Suderavia]], and the [[Krasoa Islands]]. Compulsory reserve service continues in [[Porfíria]] and [[Kyllera]], and was temporarily reïntroduced in other parts of Kiravian Crona during [[the Deluge]].

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