Southern Route
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The Southern Route, also commonly known as the South Audonia-Sarpedon sea route is a shipping route from the Daxian southeastern coast, through the Ocean of Cathay and on to the Kindreds Sea and Caphirian and Cartadanian ports. The first recorded complete voyage of the route was made in 1615 by Gabo de Pogiano, an explorer and adventurer from the Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth who started his trip on the port of Albalitor on the Kindreds Sea and came into contact with the Daxian Qian dynasty in Port Bondor, Zhijun. Impetus for developing alternate trade routes gained traction and support at the Qian court mainly as a way to evade the Burgoignesc monopoly on all western Audonian sea routes to Levantia, especially from its outpost on the island of Ayermer. The route would become more profitable to traverse in the early 17th century after the Qian colonization of Peratra by the South Seas Trading Company and increased engagement with the Caphirian Third Imperium. In the modern era the route continues to be an important lane for Daxia and international marine shipping and several national navies operate throughout its whole length to provide security.
Background
Historically, sea exploration by Daxian dynasties was severely lacking in comparison to Levantine powers such as Burgundie. Most of Daxian trading with its neighbours was conducted through overland routes, rivers or by sea shipping that stuck close to the coastline. Burgundie's possession of islands controlling access to important waterways in Audonia such as Salarive and Antilles and its sometimes predatory attitudes, the dangers posed by Audonian pirates and high tariffs made trade through Burgoignesc controlled waters a fairly unappealing and uneconomic prospect. The discovery of Zhijun and later Peratra by an expedition commissioned by Emperor Yuanjian of the Qian dynasty opened the possibility of further lands yet to be discovered. Admiral Xi Haifong proceeded to conquer the polynesian tribes of Peratra and established the port of Xiwang there in 1613. The arrival in 1615 of Carto-Pelaxian explorer Gabo de Pogiano at Zhijun's Port Bondor confirmed to the Qian the existence of lands further east to trade with.
Spices were always considered the gold of the Polynesian Sea. Cinnamon, ginger, cloves, black pepper and turmeric had long been products which were difficult to obtain in Sarpedon and brought in by caravans and experienced merchants coming from Caphiria. A merchant of Albalitor describes the overland spice route as follows: Only the markets of Venceia then scattered these spices all over Sarpedon, great in cost, and without guaranteed arrival. In 1300s, with the establishment of the Third Imperium, the trade from Venceia reduced to a great degree due to the increase of Coscivian piracy around Sarpedon. The advantage of the Pelaxians to establish a sea route therefore virtually free of assault – however, covered in perils in the sea – showed itself rewarding and outlined a large income to the Crown in the future. Pelaxia directly linked the spice producing regions to their markets in Sarpedon.
In March 1603, Pogiano was at the head of an expedition that weighed anchor from Albalitor. Under his control were three ships: the galleon Jesús María, of 600 tons and 30 cannons, Nuestra Señora de la Visitación and Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes. The expedition was entrusted by the King Jerónimo I, to suppress the incursions of Coscivian privateers in the seas to the south of Loa kingdom.
Historians conjecture that they penetrated to a latitude of (64° S) in the Okatian Sea, and made port in the Freda Island. If correct, this would be the farthest south that anyone had travelled, at that time. Subsequently, several merchant vessels reported being blown south of 60° S in severe weather. Around the year 1611, Pogiano attempted to undertake an exploration beyond Australis, and gathered information about an almost legendary Qian's Daxia, whose kingdom was located far to the west in Audonia, and sailed to it reaching it in 1615.
History
Establishment
Gabo de Pogiano's 1615 journey became an embassy after contact with the Daxians. After arriving in the port of Zong on the 10th of October, he had an audience with Digen Youdu, Viceroy of Ganshu; with whom he negotiated an agreement that allowed him to dock in Daxian ports and engage in trade, map out the surrounding seas. Pogiano in turn committed himself to on his return trip, guide a Qian squadron to the Kindreds Sea and the coast of Sarpedon. The ships that would join him on Zhijun were the Falun, the Gong and the Shen Yun; the first Daxian ships to ever make it to Sarpedon. Later contacts with Acirien representatives would lead to a similar agreement. The Qian would send goods such as slaves, bolts of silk, sugarcane, barrels of slozo, pink salt, ebony wood, cinnamon and other spices and in return would receive olives, oil, wine, cattle and fruits.
On 1628 a group of merchants from the Caphirian Third Imperium were deputized to travel to the west and make contact with the Qian dynasty. The leader of the delegation was the banker Ottorio Adelistian Malessar who was personally cognizant of the amounts of profit that trade with Daxia was generating for some of his clients in Pelaxia. Given how late the Imperium was in joining the trade, Ottorio was given wide latitude to negotiate terms, especially if it could result in elbowing aside the other Sarpedonians. Arriving on Zhijun after several months of travel, the delegation embarked on vessels of the Grog Fleet and sailed for the mainland. Official Qian accounts of the reception of the Caphirians are embellished by the highly florid language of the time but it is readily apparent the bargain struck was well received by both sides as Ottorio and his fellow delegates were given expensive gifts, a rarity. Caphirians traders were granted exclusive use of two thirds of the ship berthing in the port of Zong and they were given permission to establish a permanent office in the city to conduct business with Qian traders; this office would be known as the "Domus Orientalem" and would in time grow organically into a small neighborhood populated by Caphirian sailors, merchants and their families.
The outsourcing of colonial administration of the Australis territories to the South Seas Trading Company and the expansion of its commercial activities by establishing bases in Port Bondor, Rakin (later Rakahanga) and Ambo led to the establishment of a quasi commercial monopoly on the western end of the Southern Route. As the company's wealth increased, it would outfit a fleet of warships of its own, nominally under Imperial control but in practice operating to protect firstly its commercial interests. The Harmonious Flotilla Invincible began operating in 1758, when it fended off Bergendii corsairs off the coast of Freda Island.
Economic and social impact
In Daxia
The impact of the establishment of the southern route was enormous in both economic and cultural terms for the Daxians. The first contact with 'westerners' (Burgoignesc around Audonia were believed to be a subject people of the Audonian Muslim sultanates) and the confirmation that were were further lands beyong the Polynesian sea was a great shock to the Qian court. The flow of trade goods greatly enrichened the Qian state, with the treasury benefiting from extra taxes and tariffs, including a tax on all precious metals, fees for providing naval protection to merchant ships, docking, warehouse use and clerical services. In addition there were cultural and technological exchanges, with several Sarpedonian scholars taking up employment with the Daxian court. The first Christian preachers arrived by boat in 1623, with one of them eventually founding what would become the Church of the East. These new developments were not universally met with welcome arms, a great many instances of violently xenophobic events are noted in Daxian historical records such as the Pogrom of the Caphirians in 1758 and Loa peddlers being thrown into the sea (on false charges of selling human meat)
In time further contacts would expand beyond simple trade with merchants from the Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth and the court received embassies from nations such as the Imperium of Caphiria, the bug kingdoms of Takatta Loa and the explorers from the seafaring nation of Kiravia. Trade contacts would be increasingly delegated to economic experts from the South Seas Trading Company which would come to enjoy a monopoly on the transport of goods of the route. On behalf of Daxia the company would engage in attempts at entrenchment and expansion in the Polynesian Sea region during the Daxian Polynesian Wars, noteworthy events include at least one failed attempt by a group of privately armed filibusters to take over the Tolu Manatu queendom during the Tolu Manatu incident, the Siege of Dun-Kurrengev and the building of an outpost further east in the Truk islands with an eye to expanding further into the Kindreds Sea.
Daxian trade volumes with the Imperium would eventually entirely eclipse its trade with other nations in Sarpedon. The demand of the Caphirian upper classes for luxury items such as silk clothing, worked gold filigree jewelry and adornments and woven tapestries and carpets drove the expansion of the skilled artist guilds. The same happened with the slave market, slaves being in high demand for monumental construction projects in the Imperium, this need birthed the Southern slave trade. Hundreds of thousands of muslim and polynesian slaves found their way to Sarpedon in the bellies of Daxian ship holds. Powerful mercantile interests began gaining political power in the Qian court, securing record contributions to the expansion of the Harmonious Flotilla Invincible year in and year out to secure their interests in the eastern oceans; this powerful clique would start clashing with functionaries favoring using the proceeds in propping up the traditional Daxian sphere of influence in mainland Audonia.
In Caphiria
In Pelaxia
On May 17, 1615, the fleet reached Daxia, thus having established the route via the Cathay Ocean and managing to open the sea route Sarpedon to Audonia. Negotiations with the local Qian State were difficult. Pogiano's efforts to obtain favorable commercial terms have been hampered by the different cultures and the low value of their gifts – in the East it was customary for kings to offer presents to the foreign envoys; in the West the kings were expected to be impressed with rich offerings. Goods presented by the Pelaxian proved insufficient to impress the Daxian and representatives mocked their offers. Pogiano's perseverance made him nevertheless initiate negotiations between him and the Qian's, who were pleased with the letters of King Eladio I. Finally, Pogiano managed to get an ambiguous letter of concession rights to trade.
Pelaxian trade with Daxia would be at first a crown monopoly. The monopoly had been managed by the Casa de Audonia, the royal trading house founded around 1650, it was the first to start a joint stock company to trade in Audonia. The Casa was responsible for the maintenance of a yearly commercial fleet and armada. However, by 1660, the Casa's finances were in dire straits and in 1670, the King of Pelaxia issued a decree opening up trade to Pelaxia to any private Pelaxian and Cartadanian national. As few took up the offer, the free trade decree was replaced in 1678 by a new system of annual monopolies, where the Casa sold Audonia trading contracts to a private Pelaxian merchant consortium, granting them a monopoly for one year. This annual contract system was abandoned in 1697, and the royal monopoly resumed.
The Carto-Pelaxian Commonwealth of 1632, changed little at first. However, the increasing influence of Levantine trading companies in the Audonian continent after 1698 led the Commonwealth to experiment with different arrangements to secure the new born colonial empire. In 1705, he created the Oficina de Audonia, to bring affairs in Commonwealth's Audonia under closer supervision of the Parliament. But this later conflicted conflicted with the principles of the First Pelaxian Republic , and the council was eventually dissolved in 1806.
In Port de Vent
See also