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{{Redirect-distinguish2|Cartadanian Republic|the historical [[First Cartadanian Republic]] which existed from 1671 to 1710}}
{{wip}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Federative Republic of Cartadania
|conventional_long_name = Federative Republic of Cartadania
|native_name =        {{native name|cd|República Federativa da Cartadania}}
|native_name =        ''{{nobold|República Federativa da Cartadania}}''
|image_flag =        Flag of Cartadania.svg
|image_flag =        Flag_of_Cartadania.svg
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
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|{{native phrase|la|"Ad umbilici mundi"|italics=off}}<br /><small>"At the crossroads of the world"</small>
|{{native phrase|la|"Ad umbilici mundi"|italics=off}}<br /><small>"At the crossroads of the world"</small>
}}
}}
|national_anthem =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|national_anthem =    [[Cartadanian national anthem|Hino nacional cartadaniano]]
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|other_symbol_type = <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol          = [[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Cartadanian_Republic.svg|x100px]]
|other_symbol =
|other_symbol_type      = Coat of arms of the Old Republic
|image_map =          Cartadania orthographic projection 1.png
|image_map =          Cartadania orthographic projection 1.png
|map_width            = 250px
|map_width            = 250px
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* 0.7% [[Cartadanians#Indigenous|Indigenous]]
* 0.7% [[Cartadanians#Indigenous|Indigenous]]
* 0.6% Other}}
* 0.6% Other}}
|demonym = Cartadanian<br/>Carto(a) <small>(colloquial)</small>
|demonym = Cartadanian<br/>Carto(a) <small>(colloquial)</small><br/>Caridonian/Caridiano(a) <small>(antiquated)</small>
| government_type        = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|federal system}}
| government_type        = {{wp|Federalism|Federal}} {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} {{wp|federal system}}
| leader_title1          = [[President of Cartadania|President]]
| leader_title1          = [[President of Cartadania|President]]
| leader_name1          = [[Samaria Kalanie]] ([[Progressistas Party (Cartadania)|PP]])
| leader_name1          = [[Anteros Ballas]] ([[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|SDP]])
| leader_title2          = [[Vice President of Cartadania|Vice President]]
| leader_title2          = [[Vice President of Cartadania|Vice President]]
| leader_name2          = {{nowrap|[[Adriana Floriadi]]}} ([[Progressistas Party (Cartadania)|PP]])
| leader_name2          = {{nowrap|[[Rafael Braga]]}} ([[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|SDP]])
| leader_title3          = {{nowrap|[[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)#Orator Princeps|Orator Princeps]]}}
| leader_title3          = {{nowrap|[[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)#Orator Princeps|Orator Princeps]]}}
| leader_name3          = {{nowrap|[[Victor Cabello]]}} ([[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|SDP]])
| leader_name3          = {{nowrap|[[Victor Cabello]]}} ([[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|SDP]])
| leader_title4          = [[Chief Justice of Cartadania|Chief Justice]]
| leader_title4          = [[Chief Justice of Cartadania|Chief Justice]]
| leader_name4          = [[Esperanza Rodriguez]]
| leader_name4          = [[Esperanza Rodriguez]]
|legislature =        [[National Congress (Cartadania)|National Congress]]
|legislature =        [[Cartadanian National Congress|National Congress]]
|upper_house =        [[Senate (Cartadania)|Senate]]
|upper_house =        [[Senate (Cartadania)|Senate]]
|lower_house =        [[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)|Chamber of Emissaries]]
|lower_house =        [[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)|Chamber of Emissaries]]
|established_event1 = Separation from Caphiria
|established_event1 = Separation from Caphiria
|established_date1 =  1671
|established_date1 =  1630
|established_event2 = United Sarpic Republics
|established_event4 = Civil War / [[Ano Vermelho]]
|established_date2 =  1672
|established_event3 = First Republic
|established_date3 =  1680
|established_event4 = Civil War / [[Ano Roxo]]
|established_date4 =  1697-1698
|established_date4 =  1697-1698
|established_event5 = Second Republic
|established_event5 = Reform
|established_date5 =  1710
|established_date5 =  1710
|area_rank = 5th
|area_rank = 5th
|area_km2            =  4,122,251
|area_km2            =  4,122,251
|population_census = 369,586,126
|population_census = 378,150,569
| population_estimate_rank = 9th
| population_estimate_rank = 9th
| population_census_year = 2020
| population_census_year = 2020
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| population_density_rank = 26th
| population_density_rank = 26th
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$28.5 trillion}}
| GDP_PPP                = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$28.5 trillion}}
| GDP_PPP_year          = 2024
| GDP_PPP_year          = 2032
| GDP_PPP_rank          = 4th
| GDP_PPP_rank          = 4th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita    = {{increase}} $75,038
| GDP_PPP_per_capita    = {{increase}} $75,438
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 1st
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 1st
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$28.5 trillion}}
| GDP_nominal            = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$28.5 trillion}}
| GDP_nominal_year      = 2024
| GDP_nominal_year      = 2032
| GDP_nominal_rank      = 4th
| GDP_nominal_rank      = 4th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $75,038
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $75,438
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 1st
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 1st
| Gini                  = 34.1<!-- Number only. -->
| Gini                  = 36.4<!-- Number only. -->
| Gini_year              = 2024
| Gini_year              = 2032
| Gini_change            = decrease
| Gini_change            = decrease
| Gini_rank              =  
| Gini_rank              =  
| HDI                    = 0.976<!-- Number only. -->
| HDI                    = 0.985<!-- Number only. -->
| HDI_year              = 2024<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. -->
| HDI_year              = 2032<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. -->
| HDI_change            = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. -->
| HDI_change            = increase<!-- Increase/decrease/steady. -->
| HDI_rank              =  
| HDI_rank              =  
|currency =           [[Escudo]]
|currency               = [[Real]]
|currency_code =     CRE
|currency_code           = RLS
|time_zone =         <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|time_zone               = <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|electricity =       <!--e.g. "230 V–50 Hz"-->
|electricity             = [[Mains electricity around the world|120 V, 60 Hz]]
|drives_on =         right
|drives_on               = right
|cctld =             .ca
|cctld                   = .ca
|calling_code =       +10<!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|calling_code           = +10<!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
}}
}}


'''Cartadania''', officially the '''Federative Republic of Cartadania''' ({{lang-cd|República Federativa da Cartadania}}), is a {{wp|sovereign state}} in [[Sarpedon]]. Located in the heart of the [[Occidental world|western world]] and along the southern [[Odoneru Ocean]], Cartadania shares land borders with [[Pelaxia]] and [[Caphiria]]. Cartadania covers an area of 4,122,251 km2 (1,591,610 sq mi), making it the worlds [[List of Nations|fifth-largest country by area]], and has a largely {{wp|tropical climate}}. With around 369 million inhabitants, it is the second-most populous nation in Sarpedon and ninth-most populous worldwide.
'''Cartadania''', officially known as the '''Federative Republic of Cartadania''' ({{lang-cd|República Federativa da Cartadania}}), is a {{wp|sovereign state|sovereign country}} located on the [[Caridon Peninsula]] of [[Sarpedon]], with [[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|territories]] spanning across the globe. Bordered by [[Caphiria]] along its only land borders, the country has an area of {{convert|4122251|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, making it the [[List of Nations|fifth-largest nation in the world]]. With a population of approximately 378 million people, it is the second-most populous nation in Sarpedon and ninth worldwide. Cartadania's largely {{wp|tropical climate}} features {{wp|Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean}} zones, particularly in the sheltered bays, which are tempered by cooler coastal currents, tributaries, and the Carina Bay. In addition to its mainland territories, Cartadania also includes insular areas near [[Crona]], such as the state of [[Solemia]], and Polynesia, including the state of [[Lotoa]], as well as [[Alshar]], with the territory of [[Haujão]]. The country also has territories in Sarpedon, including [[Providência]], [[Santa Domenica]], and [[Santa Elena]].


A highly developed country, Cartadania owes its development to its healthy mixed economy and strong economic growth over the years, and has used it's size to maintain stability in the region. It has a very high level of human development and enjoys the second highest life expectancy in the world. Cartadania plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, with a number of academics considering the country to be both a regional power and a great power. Cartadania's economy is the world's fourth-largest by both nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) as of 2039. Cartadania until 2020 had one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence. Cartadania's national development bank plays an important role for the country's economic growth.
Cartadania is a {{wp|high income country|high-income}}, {{wp|developed country|highly developed country}} that owes its success to a robust mixed economy and strong economic growth over the years. Its large size has allowed it to maintain stability in the region, and its citizens enjoy a very high level of human development, including the second-longest life expectancy in the world, surpassed only by [[Burgundie]]. Cartadania is a major player in global economic, military, cultural, and diplomatic affairs, and is widely considered a global power. As of 2032, the country's economy is the fourth-largest in the world by both nominal GDP and GDP (PPP), with a total value of approximately $28.5 trillion. The country's economy is also one of the world's fastest-growing major economies, due in large part to reduced barriers to entry in the economy and relaxing tax laws. The national development bank of Cartadania plays an essential role in the country's economic growth, and its diplomatic outreach and support programs to help emerging and young economies have earned it worldwide recognition.


It is a founding member of the [[League of Nations]], the now defunct [[Levantia and Odoneru Treaty Association]], [[ARGUS]], and the [[Community of Lusophone Nations]]. Cartadania is a great power in Ixnay and considers itself a great power in international affairs, while some analysts identify it as a great power with potential superpower status in the future. One of the world's major breadbaskets, it has also been the [[Coffee production in Cartadania|largest producer of coffee]] for the last 264 years.
Cartadania has played a key role in the formation and membership of various international organizations, including [[ARGUS]], the Community of Lusophone Nations, the [[League of Nations]], and the [[Union of Sarpedonian States]]. Additionally, the country was also a member of the now-defunct [[Levantia and Odoneru Treaty Association]]. As a great power in Sarpedon, Cartadania asserts its global influence and is viewed by some analysts as having the potential to attain superpower status in the future. Moreover, Cartadania is renowned as a major breadbasket, being a leading producer of crops such as coffee, oranges, and sugarcane, particularly in its more agrarian south. In fact, the country has held the title of the world's largest coffee producer for at least the past 270 years. These agricultural industries have played a significant role in the country's economic growth and international trade relationships.


Cartadania is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world, with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by indigenous peoples, Latin settlement, forced Punthite migration, immigration from Levantia and the [[Audonia|Middle East]]. It is among the world's 17 megadiverse countries, and the most densely biodiverse per square kilometer; its territory encompasses [[Satherian rainforest]], tropical grassland and coastlines along three major seas and the Odoneru Ocean.
Cartadania's diverse cultural heritage reflects influences from various groups, including indigenous peoples, Latin settlers, Taínean migrants, and immigrants from Crona and the Polynesian Sea. This has resulted in one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world at the personal level, while still maintaining a distinctive national identity overall. As one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries, Cartadania boasts a rich biodiversity, with its territory encompassing the Satherian rainforest, tropical grassland, and coastlines along several major seas as well as high-altitude areas with markedly cooler climates. Its dense biodiversity makes it one of the most biodiverse countries per square kilometer in the world.


==Etymology==
==History==
==History==
{{Main|History of Cartadania|Timeline of Cartadanian history}}
{{Main|History of Cartadania|Timeline of Cartadanian history}}
===Pre-Latin era===
=== Pre-Caphirian Cartadania ===
Prior to the establishment of the Luson Province, all of which is today modern Cartadania, the area was inhabited by various native peoples. Unlike its southern neighbor, Pelaxia, Cartadania was shielded by natural features on all sides, delaying the arrival of Latin peoples to northern [[Sarpedon]]. The Turian ridge made it more difficult for [[Caphiria|terra quaesitores]] to reach the area, and the four seas that border the country made it more expensive for other nations to make a permanent settlement there.
The pre-Caphirian era of Cartadania, spanning from around 9000 BC to 370 BC, represents a crucial phase characterized by the transition from prehistory to ancient history. During this epoch, indigenous cultures, marked by intricate societal structures, agricultural advancements, and distinct societies, flourished. The Mandera River region, particularly inhabited by the Adonerii, served as the cradle of Cartadania's early human habitation, leading to the establishment of various coastal communities, like modern-day [[Valorica]]. The adoption of agriculture, featuring crops like pineapple, cacão, and cassava, fundamentally transformed Adonerii from the intermingling with indigenous lifestyles, paving the way for surplus food production. Diverse societies, including the Ettian, Linaca, Lombards, and Veronese, emerged with unique religious, symbolic, and artistic traditions, contributing to the complexity of Cartadania's indigenous civilization. In the 8th century BC, the Ettian civilization reached its zenith, influencing neighboring societies and leaving an enduring legacy of artistic and architectural achievements. The arrival of Caphirian settlers around 370 BC marked a transformative moment, bringing together indigenous populations and initiating a cultural blending that would shape the future of Cartadania. Despite occasional conflicts, this period set the stage for the amalgamation of cultures and the dawn of a new chapter in Cartadania's history.


The earliest human remains found in northern Sarpedon, Mulher Cambria, were found in the area of present-day [[Cambria]] and provide evidence of human habitation going back at least 11,000 years. The earliest pottery ever found on the Odridian peninsula was excavated in the Turian basin of Cartadania and radiocarbon dated to 8,000 years ago (6000 BC). The pottery was found near southern Verona where it meets the Bay of Attalus and provides evidence that the tropical forest region supported a somewhat complex prehistoric culture. Cartadania is the site of the domestication of pineapple, cacão, tomato, and cassava, which produced an agricultural surplus. This enabled the transition from paleo-Sarpedonic hunter-gatherers to sedentary agricultural villages beginning around 5000 BC.
=== Caphirian colonization ===
[[File:Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fabiano Santos Almeida, a notable terra quaesitor]]
The Caphirian colonization period in Cartadania, commencing around 370 BC, marks a significant juncture that bridged the ancient indigenous cultures of the region with the impact of the Caphirian imperium. These early Caphirian explorers, often referred to as 'terra quaesitores,' embarked on a challenging journey into the uncharted territory of the Caridon Peninsula. Overcoming formidable geographical barriers, dense tropical forests, and diverse wildlife, these pioneers gradually expanded their territorial presence along the coastal regions. Their encounters with indigenous societies, including the prominent Ettian and Caridian groups, initiated a dynamic cultural exchange that laid the groundwork for a distinct Cartadanian identity.


The earliest complex civilization in Cartadania was the [[Adonerum|Adonerii culture]], which flourished on the Urlazian and Odoneru coasts from around the 14th century BC. Adoneri cultural traits diffused through eastern Cartadania into other formative-era cultures in Alexandria, São Ricardo, Verona, and the Urlazian states. The formative period saw the spread of distinct religious and symbolic traditions, as well as artistic and architectural complexes.
The momentum of colonization persisted into the Lombard Valley in 704 AD, introducing new challenges posed by rugged terrain and dense forests. By the 11th century, under the rule of Imperator Darius, the eastern Caridon Peninsula coalesced into the geo-political entity of Lusia, divided into nine regions across five provinces. Each province, including Alexandria, Verona, Sacilium, Regio Iordas, and Regio Carina, contributed to the diverse cultural tapestry that defines modern Cartadania. Notably, the Fortuna Isles, which would later become São Ricardo, maintained a distinct identity and a history dating back to indigenous habitation, serving as a crucial crossroads for navigators and retaining its independent self-governance amidst the waves of change.


Around the time of the Caphirian arrival circa 370BC, the territory of current-day Cartadania had an estimated indigenous population of 7 million people, mostly semi-nomadic who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. The indigenous population of Cartadania comprised several large indigenous ethnic groups (e.g. the Ettian, Linaca, Lombards, Veronese). There were also many subdivisions of the groups.
=== Struggle for independence ===
[[File: Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar_02.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Signing of the Compactum Caridonis.]]
The period of Cartadania's struggle for independence, spanning the late 16th to early 17th centuries, was marked by political unrest, separatist movements, and the eventual emergence of a new, independent state. Rooted in growing discontent with distant Caphirian rule, particularly during the transition from the principate to the Dominate era, this period witnessed significant developments. The Verona regio of Lusia, feeling marginalized under Caphirian governance, passed the Vermilion Act in the 15th century, asserting autonomy and a distinct identity but was ultimately subdued. This act became a catalyst for similar actions in other provinces like Alexandria and Sancti. Imperator Legarus attempted constitutional changes to address regional tensions but was challenged by separatist movements.


Before the arrival of the Caphirians, the boundaries between these groups and their subgroups were marked by minor conflicts that arose from differences in culture, language, and moral beliefs. These conflicts also involved large-scale military actions on land and water. While heredity had some weight, leadership status was more subdued over time, than allocated in succession ceremonies and conventions. Nonetheless, area taken into account, interaction between the groups is thought to have been mostly uncommon.
The Great Schism of 1615 and internal changes in Caphiria further fueled separatist forces. The Maresian Revolt in 1623 and the 1626 seizure of Saleria marked pivotal moments. The Compactum Caridonis agreement in 1630 granted Cartadania, and by association, Vachena, independence but the Vachenan ties to Venceia posed logistical challenges due to disjointed territorial borders caused by Cartadania.


===Latin Odros===
On September 1630, what would become Cartadania officially seceded, initially as the Caridon Federation and later renamed as the Caridon Federal Republic in October 1630, emphasizing federalism and self-governance principles. The ratification of its constitution in the same month solidified its status as a sovereign state, setting the stage for its unique cultural and political development.


The land now called Cartadania was claimed for the Caphirian Republic beginning in 370BC, with the arrival of the Caphirian fleet commanded by Pronius Álvares Sulpia. The Caphirians encountered indigenous peoples divided into several tribes, most of whom spoke languages of the Cartic family, and fought among themselves. Though the first settlement was founded in 200BC, colonization effectively began in the first few hundred years AD, when the Senate of Caphiria divided the territory into the six private and autonomous Banlieuregio of Luson.
=== United Kingdom era ===
[[File:Henry_the_Navigator1.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fabiano Santos Almeida, a notable terra quaesitor]]
==== Commonwealth ====
However, the decentralized and unorganized tendencies of the banlieuregio proved problematic, and in 349 the principate restructured them into the Governorate General of Odros, a single and centralized Caphirian colony in northern Sarpedon. In the first two centuries of colonization, Indigenous and Latin groups lived in constant war, establishing opportunistic alliances in order to gain advantages against each other. By the mid-4th century, cane sugar and coffee had become Luson's most important exports, and slaves purchased in Audonia, in the slave market, and those already serving the crown, had become its largest import, to cope with plantations of sugarcane, due to increasing international demand for Odridian coffee and sugar.
=== Formation of modern republic ===
=== Late 17th and 18th century ===
==== Ano Vermelho ====
==== Independent Cartadania ====
=== 19th and 20th century ===
==== Industrial revolution ====
==== Great Wars ====
==== Cold War ====
=== Present history ===


By the end of the 5th century, sugarcane exports began to decline, and the discovery of gold by debellatores in the 490s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering an Odridian Gold Rush which attracted thousands of new settlers to Odros from Caphiria and all Caphirian colonies around the world. This increased level of immigration in turn caused some conflicts between newcomers and old settlers.
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Cartadania}}
[[File:Cumbres_del_Ajusco.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mount Nero, also known as Ivoti Cué, in Toscana.]]
Cartadania occupies {{convert|4122251|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} of northern Sarpedon in a region known as the Caridon Peninsula, the only country that now exists in this region. Along its northern boundary, Cartadania occupies around 65% of Sarpedon's coastline on the [[Odoneru Ocean]]. It also has coasts along the [[Urlazian Sea]], as well as the [[Kindreds Sea|Kindreds]] and [[Taínean Sea]]s, with territory in the [[Sea of Orixtal]], [[Sea of Capelan]], and [[Polynesian Sea]]. It's only modern-day land boundary is with [[Caphiria]], which borders it along the south and east, though it historically also shared borders with [[Pelaxia]].
 
Its territory includes a number of islands, atolls, and archipelagic regions in Alshar, Crona, and Polynesia, as well as near its metropolitan territory off the coasts of Sarpedon, such as [[Haujão]], [[Lotoa]], and [[Providência]]. It is the ninth-largest country by land area and the second-largest in Sarpedon, after Caphiria. It spans four time zones; from UTC−5 comprising the state of [[Porta Bianca]] to UTC−4 spanning [[Santarém]] and [[Bahia]], as well as the two major islands of [[Aveiro]], to UTC−3 in much of mainland Cartadania (national time) and UTC−2 in the eastern states on Urlazio, as well as [[São Ricardo]].
 
The highest point by elevation in Cartadania is Monte Nero at {{convert|3851|m|ft|sp=us}}. Located in the Ursa Mountains as part of the Ursa Formation, it is roughly {{convert|1000|m|ft|sp=us}} taller than the second-tallest peak, Mount Alesso, which is located in the state of Trentino. The lowest point in Cartadania is Brink's Point Lake, a collapsed caldera in northern São Andreas that sits {{convert|-71.6|m|ft|sp=us}} below sea level.
===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Cartadania}}
The climate of Cartadania is characterized for being largely tropical with strong Mediterranean zones presenting variations within several natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds, and rainfall. The diversity of climate zones in Cartadania is characterized by having tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts, and mountain climates.
 
Mountain climate is one of the unique features of the Aegis, Turian, and Ursa mountain ranges and other high altitude reliefs where climate is determined by elevation. Below {{convert|1000|m|ft}} in elevation is the warm altitudinal zone, where temperatures are above {{convert|24|C|F}}. About 82.5% of the country's total area lies in the warm altitudinal zone. The temperate climate altitudinal zone located between {{convert|1001|-|2000|m|ft}} is characterized for presenting an average temperature ranging between {{convert|17|and|24|C|F}}. The cold climate is present between {{convert|2001|-|3000|m|ft}} and the temperatures vary between {{convert|12|and|17|C|F}}. Beyond the cold land lie the alpine conditions of the forested zone and then the treeless grasslands of the charnecas. Above {{convert|4,000|m|ft}}, where temperatures are below freezing, the climate is glacial, a zone of permanent snow and ice, though this condition is rare, even at the highest of Cartadania's peaks.
 
===Biodiversity and environment===
[[File:Harpia harpyja 001 800.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The {{wp|Harpy eagle}}, Cartadania's national bird and land animal.]]
The Cartadanian ecology is {{wp|megadiverse}} and the country is thought to have the largest diversity of flora and fauna outside of Crona (however, this measure does include its Cronan territories). The megadiversity is in large part due to the varied geography and climate, which in turns causes a large variation in biomes available for ecological development. Many of the species have found themselves becoming symbols of the state and territorial governments where they are found. The Harpy eagle is both the national bird and the national land animal of Cartadania, while the {{wp|Orcinus orca|Urlazian Orca}} is the national marine mammal. Cartadania is home to 53,000 known species of plants, 3,000 species of freshwater fish, and nearly 700 species of mammals. It also has one of the highest counts of bird and reptile species on the planet, at 1,800 and 740, respectively. Fungi are very prevalent throughout the many regions but the exact species count is unknown. Researchers estimate that Cartadania supports a rich and diverse array of plant and animal species, with a potential total nearing four million, primarily composed of invertebrates. The larger mammal population includes carnivorous species such as pumas, jaguars, ocelots, bush dogs, and foxes, as well as herbivores like peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums, and armadillos. The southwestern region is particularly abundant in deer populations, and Cartadania's various rainforests host a wide variety of New World monkey species.
[[File:Cataratas.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Saltos in Ivoti Arí National Park.]]
Cartadania boasts an extensive network of natural reserves, including 51 national parks and numerous other federally administered parks, forests, and wilderness zones. These collectively encompass the majority of government-owned land, emphasizing conservation efforts, although a small fraction is allocated for oil and gas extraction, with military activities utilizing approximately 0.86% of the total land area.
 
Environmental concerns have occupied a growing position on Cartadania's national agenda since 1984, gaining even more prominence following the significant 2003 Escondido Point Oil Spill. These matters encompass a range of topics, including debates surrounding oil and nuclear energy usage, strategies for mitigating air and water pollution, the economic ramifications of wildlife protection initiatives, challenges related to logging and deforestation, and Cartadania's international contributions to the global effort against climate change. Various federal and state agencies play essential roles in shaping policies and hosting discussions related to these concerns, with a particular focus on coastal regions.
 
One of the central entities involved in environmental stewardship is the Department of Environmental Integrity (DEI or DIA), established by presidential decree in 1984. The concept of wilderness has substantially influenced the management of public lands in Cartadania since the 1960s, leading to the implementation of numerous federal regulations and legislative acts designed to conserve and safeguard natural areas. The Endangered Species Act of 1940 is a cornerstone of these efforts, aiming to safeguard threatened and endangered species along with their habitats. These endeavors are vigilantly overseen by the DEI's Bureau of Game, Wildlife, and Inland Fisheries.
 
== Politics ==
=== Government ===
{{Main|Federal government of Cartadania}}
[[File:Parlament_Vienna_June_2006_183.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Cartadanian Capitol, seat of [[Cartadanian National Congress|National Congress]].]]
Cartadania is a {{wp|federalism|federal}}, {{wp|presidential system|presidential}}, {{wp|semi-direct democracy|semi-direct democratic}} {{wp|republic}} with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian political ideology. Federal legislative power is vested in the [[Cartadanian National Congress|National Congress]] consisting of the [[Senate (Cartadania)|Senate]] and [[Chamber of Emissaries (Cartadania)|Chamber of Emissaries]], which together form the legislative body. It makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Cartadanian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1630 constitution, with major revisions in the early 18th century, and all members of Congress have been directly elected since its introduction. Currently, federal law sets a minimum of three senators per state, while the number of Emissaries is dependent on the population. As of 1834, this number has been fixed at no more than 535, with 534 seats currently active and one permanently suspended (formerly belonging to [[Bicariana]]). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Senate and the Chamber of Emissaries; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law, are valid in perpetuity. The legislative bodies in each political entity are the main source of law in Cartadania.
[[File:BallasAnteros.png|thumb|left|175px|[[Anteros Ballas]], 57th and current [[President of Cartadania]].]]
The [[President of Cartadania]] is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is [[Anteros Ballas]] of the [[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|Social Democracy Party]], former governor of the state of [[Maresia]]. The President appoints the Secretaries of each federal department (except Veteran Affairs, which is actually appointed by the Secretary of Defense), who assist in government. Since 1757, the party system has been dominated by the [[Social Democracy Party (Cartadania)|Social Democracy Party]] and the [[United Conservative Party]], with occasional one-offs from the [[Progressistas Party (Cartadania)|Progressistas Party]]. So far every president since 1759 has been a member of one of these parties (the ''Partido Conservador'' was the predecessor to the UCP) or in a coalition alignment with them..


Caphirian expeditions, now known as Bandeiras, gradually advanced the original colonial frontiers in northern Sarpedon to approximately the current Cartadanian borders. In this era, Levantine powers tried to colonize parts of Odros, in incursions that the Caphirians had to fight after the end of the Latin Union.
The judiciary of Cartadania consists of the [[Supreme Court of Cartadania|Supreme Court]] and lower federal courts, whose judges are now appointed by the incumbent bench with Senate and presidential approval, though the president can make recommendations from courts throughout the country. It interprets laws and overturns those it finds unconstitutional, like any other branch of government, but the degree of autonomy granted to the courts via {{wp|judicial review}} has allowed the interpretation of law to sometimes result in the courts acting more as a legislative body. On more than one occurrence, the supreme court has ordered the other branches to comply with a decision its bench has made, and historically, it has very rarely been challenged.  


The Caphirian colonial administration in Odros had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the monopoly of Caphiria's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of rebellion and resistance, such as the Quilombo of Palmares, and to repress all movements for autonomy or independence, such as the Desperado Conspiracy or the eventual Verona secession.  
According to the World Democracy Index, Cartadania ranked first in 2020, a position it had not held since 2000. With regard to the freedoms and laws of Cartadania, the country is seen as a "full democracy" with a high degree of freedom and autonomy. It is considered to be one of the most stable countries in the world, and its citizens often rank as some of the world's happiest.


=== Separation from Caphiria ===
===Administrative divisions===
[[File:Proclamação_da_República_by_Benedito_Calixto_1893.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Depiction of separatist celebration event.]]
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Cartadania}}
The region grew rapidly in the years leading up to the end of the principate and beginning of the Dominate era. Some parts of the region were not in favor of the problems plaguing Venceia, and the ascension of Imperator Legarus served as a catalyst for the Magna Discordia. Legarus introduced the first version of the Constitution of Caphiria, which was intended to be the solution to every problem past, present, and future within the imperium. In it, he outlined what he felt were the three most critical ideas of the state. These were explicitly defined as delineating the national frame of government, establishing the social contract between the citizen and state, and protecting the imperium's people. Despite this, some regions felt left out of the protection of the constitution, and in the case of Verona, the Veronese people felt extremely neglected around this period. Verona's autonomous government, in particular, passed a law known as the Vermiculo Actum ({{lang-en|Vermillion Act}}), which effectively separated the province from the imperium, creating a wall between Verona (and its territory, Sancti) and the Alexandria region north of Verona. Initially, the imperium took little notice of this separation, choosing to overlook it as an international publicity stunt and pressing forward with the creation of the constitution. However, when Verona began to issue its own money, the Veronese Lira, backed at a value higher than that of the Taler, a value which was further increased by low circulation, Legarus took notice and began to pay attention to the region. It is said that he felt the idea of a separate entity threatened the very principle of the constitution: unity based on the national frame of government. With similar sentiments of the Burgoignesc for freedom from their national governments, some Odridians began to develop support on an international stage. Verona officially codified its initial set of laws as a nation-state in 1426, under the name REPVBLICA VERONEZE, and rewrote all of its information, culture, and signage in its local dialect, which would eventually standardize into Early Cartadanian half a century later. This was the first act towards what would become the current republic and Legarus considered the acts of the people of Verona treasonous. As a result, the imperium proceeded to declare a form of marshall law and nearly razed the young nation-state's infrastructure in an effort to bring it into submission. The result was, of course, Verona's forced re-entry into the imperium. Despite this, however, Verona's disdain for Venceia's rule began to spread and grow not only in Verona but in Alexandria and Sancti as well.
{| class="infobox"
|style="text-align: right;"|{{Cartadania Labelled Map|width=766}}[[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|States and territories of Cartadania]]
|}
Cartadania is, at the broadest level, divided into thirty-three states and five territories, one of which is the federal capital territory of [[Alahuela]]. These entities serve as the primary geographical and political units, each with its own constitution and government. States and territories possess varying degrees of autonomy and self-governance, allowing them to enact laws and policies tailored to their unique circumstances. Within states and territories, further administrative divisions exist, reflecting Cartadania's commitment to decentralized governance. The names and nomenclature of these divisions vary across regions. Counties, known as "comarcas" in most areas, are the most common units and serve as administrative regions within states and territories. In some jurisdictions, counties are referred to as parishes, municípios, or merindades. Each of these divisions has specific responsibilities and authorities, often aligned with judicial, educational, and infrastructural functions. In addition to county-level divisions, Cartadania further refines its administrative structure with municipalities, towns, villages, and census-designated places (CDPs). Cities and towns are often distinguished by population size and urban characteristics. Villages, although similar in nature, typically lack general-purpose local government. CDPs, established for census purposes, may have named places and limited local services but do not possess a general-purpose local government. Alahuela is a federated independent city that serves as the capital of Cartadania and is equal in power and status to the states. The states and five territories (Alahuela, [[Haujão]], [[Providência]], [[Santa Domenica]], and [[Santa Elena]]) choose the President of the Republic. Congressional districts are reapportioned among the states following each centennial Census of Population. Each state then draws single-member districts to conform with the census apportionment.


[[File: Martin_Tovar_y_Tovar_02.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Signing of the Magna Discordia.]]
While not official governmental entities, Cartadania recognizes nine cultural and historical regions. Eight of these are metropolitan regions, encompassing groups of states and territories with similar characteristics. The ninth region, known as the Periferia Insular ({{literal translation|Insular Outlying}}) region, comprises distant states and territories, each with its distinct features and challenges. The Lusia region is the largest by both population and land area, covering {{convert|1106398|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} with a population of 179.5 million (188.9 million when counting [[Tanoa]]), while the Satheria region is the smallest metropolitan region by area at {{convert|118389.5|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} and the Etracia region is the least populous metropolitan region, with 8.522 million people. The Periferia Insular is technically the smallest and least populous region overall, comprising the states of [[Lotoa]] and [[Solemia]], as well as the territory of Haujão, with {{convert|8173.5|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} in area and a population of 3.972 million.
In late 1615, internal forces around the Great Schism threatened the security of Caphiria, causing the [[Senate (Caphiria)|Senate]] to move one of the high courts from Venceia to Serdica (now part of [[New Venceia]]). Some of Cartadania's first financial institutions, such as its local stock exchanges, and its National Bank, were created here, and thanks to the region's receptiveness to immigrants from other parts of the world, the Caphirian monopoly on Odridian trade effectively ended, opening Odros to other nations, especially those of Levantia. This further catalyzed the eventual end of a single nation in Northern Sarpedon. Ironically, the same Ecclesiastical papers that were being published condemning the Catholic Church over a number of issues concerning Caphiria in the late 16th century are the same reason Cartadania has a religious history but complete separation of Church and State. The enumeration of the imperator as higher than the people of the imperium was a sentiment that Odros did not share with Venceia, but it did value the criticisms of the Catholic church, a set of beliefs it did share.


With the end of the Latin Wars in the late middle 17th century, the high court in Serdica was vacated after the Imperator ordered their return to Caphiria, deeming it unfit for them to continuously reside in Alexandria as they held positions granted only to those residing in Venceia. Groups of Odridians, impatient for practical and real changes, still demanded independence and a republic, as demonstrated by the 1661 Milanese Revolt. In 1665, as a demand of revolutionaries who had taken the city of Porto Cale, the last of the judges were unable to hold out any longer, and departed for Venceia. There they swore an oath to the new constitution, effectively leaving Odros to the control of the locals.
The governments of the states have jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law) and share sovereignty with the federal government. Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–[[Lombardia]], [[Maresia]], [[Porta Bianca]], [[Solemia]], [[Verona]], and [[Victoria]]–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the ''Commonwealth Code'' ({{lang-cd|Lei comunidensis}}, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the [[Ano Vermelho]], and holds no true political value.


In 1671, Alexandria, Santiago, Verona, and then-both Urlazian provinces seceded from Caphiria. This time, although Imperator Magnus I attempted to bring the provinces back into the imperium, he was torn between the aftermath of the Great Schism and the changing nature of life in Venceia. Inevitably, he withdrew the military from those provinces, which generated a de facto new nation, one without name or identity.
The territories operate in equal weight to the states but, historically, lacked the degree of autonomy afforded to the states, a line that is becoming more blurred as years progress. Territories are semi-autonomous regions with their own charters and codes of law, but do not possess constitutions of their own, and as a result operate at the will of the federal constitution. Therefore, a territory may not codify, with the intent to undermine, any regulation or law brought into force by congress. Even if that law is then devolved to the states, the decisions of Congress will continue to stand (except where struck down or challenged by a federal court). In every other aspect, the governments of the territories are nearly identical to those of the states.


=== The Federation era ===
=== Law ===
In September of 1671, after Odros gained independence from Caphiria, the people simply existed in a state of shock and disbelief. Having heard stories of the initial efforts of Verona to separate, it was to many, a miracle. They were, nonetheless, very happy about the independence and celebrated on what is now Cartadania's independence day, officially 21 September 1672. Some of the leaders, however, still felt more aligned to Caphiria after the separation, and with the help of Venceia, the Two nations were formed by the creation of the Magna Discordia, which split the region in two and required they stay separate for a period of one-hundred years until a common accord could be reached, by which they would reunify. The provinces of Averius, Faraya, Sancta Irene, Spirito Santo united to form the Vachenan Federation (VC) on the western third of Odros, while the provinces of Acara, Alexandria, Galiza, Santiago, São Andreas, Triessa, Turiana Occidentalis, Veneza, and Verona united to form the Cartic Federation (OC) in the remaining two thirds and Urlazio. While much was accomplished in correcting human rights violations made under the former rule during this period, such as both formally abolishing slavery and freeing their Audonian slaves, with the OC doing so in 1675 and extending many rights to all people to create a more cohesive and united people, many problems still existed.  The OC experienced a large period of political instability during this period, with the first governors being arraigned for many crimes. This continued for nearly ten years as the new nation sorted itself out.
{{Main|Law of Cartadania}}
{{See also|Constitution of Cartadania|Criminal justice system of Cartadania}}
[[File:The Athens Academy - Greece - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|225px|The Supreme Court of Cartadania]]
The [[Constitution of Cartadania]] is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. The Constitution Act affirmed governance based on congressional precedent and divided powers between the federal and state governments in a system of parallel sovereignty. The Constitution guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually cannot be over-ridden by any government—though a notwithstanding clause allows Congress and the state legislatures to override certain sections of the Constitution for a period of five years.  


[[File:Horace_Vernet-Barricade_rue_Soufflot.jpg|thumb|left|200px|One such conflict during Ano Roxo in Alexandria.]]
Cartadania has a law system based on Urcean Common law, but some states (i.e., [[Bahia]] and [[São Andreas]]) operate under civil law based on Caphiric law. Criminal law is primarily a federal responsibility but is not truly uniform throughout Cartadania as many laws may fall to the states. Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a state responsibility, conducted by state and municipal police forces, though federal courts do prosecute criminal matters as well.  
In 1679, Meridia, the then-capital of the Odridian Federation, worked hard to iron out the kinks of the republic. One major step the group took was in 1680 when the federation elected to become one of the world's first federal republics. It was then the country took on the name Cartadania, meaning "''land of the Cartic people''", whom lived in the area prior to the arrival and intermixing of Latin explorers. The early republican government of Cartadania was very weak, riddled with internal issues and corruption. Many aspects of the government came under the control of wealthy elite, especially those involved in the stock markets and financial sector, and many lower class people were again stripped of their rights. Alexandria and Northern Verona were rocked with multiple uprisings and riots. Meridia was burned down twice in the span of five years. For 16 years, the lower class lived at the mercy of the wealthy elite, but, instability gradually began to increase. The upper class began spending without reason to fund large-scale projects with no real purpose aside from aesthetic appeal. This would continue until early 1695. 1695 was marked by extreme economic fluctuations and the serious instability of the central bank of Cartadania, and increasing national debt began to take its toll. Due to the government's lack of ability to insure, many banks failed. The peso, Cartadania's original currency, dipped sharply in value, and in 1696, economic strain coupled with large divisions between the wealthy minority and the lower class majority lead to the collapse of the Cartadanian economy. 1697 began the ten-year recovery period the lower class would endure rebuilding the nation. During this time, multiple upper-class Cartadanians were murdered, while others were forced to leave the nation, many fleeing to Cartadania's various territories in [[Crona]]. This is often thought to be one of the most aggressive domestic transitions of power between classes in history and is commonly known as [[Ano Roxo]] (Red Year). In 1707, with oversight from well-regarded politicians, Congress began rewriting the constitution for a new, more stable republic.


=== Current constitution ===
The [[Supreme Court of Cartadania|Supreme Court]] is Cartadania's {{wp|Supreme court|court of last resort}} responsible for constitutional matters, with the power of judicial review. It generally hears appeals from the courts of appeals (and sometimes state courts), operating under discretionary review, which means that the Supreme Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of {{wp|certiorari}}. Consequently, there is generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court. In some situations (e.g., lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction. It is regarded as among the most interventionist and powerful national courts in the world.
The need for a new "variety" of republic was very well known throughout the country during the early 18th century. Work on the new constitution was still underway in January of 1709, and after having the military step in to end the turmoil, the Supreme Court pressed the few legislators that remained to work faster. On 29 October 1709, the governments of Alexandria, Santiago, Veneza, and Verona called for the creation of a new capital, Alahuela, originally to sit between the four states with land ceded from all four. It was during this period, however, that the west Urlazian provinces, technically still part of Caphiria, began to experience the same neglect that Verona faced starting nearly 300 years before. Consequently, to keep the capital centralized and accessible by sea, the three states decided to place the capital between Alexandria and Verona along the Urlazian coast. This ensured access to San Ricardo, Milan, and Acara by way of the Urlazio Sea. In this time frame, Triessa and Andreas were looking to separate from Caphiria. They participated in the old republic as observers while the states already in existence figured out the issues of the first republic. They were, however, still part of Caphiria at this point.


In late September of 1710, the second and current constitution of Cartadania was finalized with a final review by the Supreme Court completed in early October. When its review concluded, the plan was to send the information off to the states for adoption, but the beginning of the rainy season delayed this by a few weeks. Finally, on 30 October 1710, Alexandria became the first state to ratify the new constitution, marking the end of the First Cartadanian Republic and the beginning of the Second. The new constitution renamed the republic from the "''Republic of Cartadania''" to "''The Federative Republic of Cartadania''", although the exact reasoning behind this decision is unknown, as the First Republic was also a federal system. After Alexandria, Verona ratified the constitution on 2 November, followed by Santiago on 5 January 1711, Veneza on 9 July 1711, and Milan on 24 March 1713. Even though other states had been part of the union before it, São Andreas became the sixth state by ratifying the constitution on 1 April 1715, separating it from Caphiria officially. Adoption of the second constitution was slow, and for a while, the country was divided by the reluctance of the first adoptees to do business with those that were late to the party.
=== Military ===
{{Main|Cartadanian Armed Forces}}
{{See also|Union of Sarpedonian States#DEFESARP|label 1=DEFESARP}}
The armed forces of Cartadania are some of the largest in the world by active personnel and in terms of military equipment. It consists of the [[Cartadanian Army]] (including the Army Aviation Command), the [[Cartadanian Navy]] (including Naval Aviation), the [[Cartadanian Marine Corps]], and the [[Cartadanian Air Force]]. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defense administers four of the five service branches, which are made up of the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. The Coast Guard, also a branch of the armed forces, is normally administered by the [[Department of Homeland Security]] in peacetime, but can be transferred to the Department of the Navy in wartime. Military service in Cartadania is voluntary, and has been since 1974, but conscription may still occur in wartime. Reservists are available to the armed forces and participate in defense exercises and deployments abroad on a pretty regular basis. Cartadania spent $1.260 trillion on its military in 2032, approximately 4.4% of its GDP.
[[File:HMS Duncan Arriving in Portsmouth MOD 45155247.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Spitzer-class destroyer|NMC Eloy Saldanha]]]]
Numbering close to 220,000 active personnel, the Cartadanian Army has one of the largest number of armored vehicles in the world, including armored transports and tanks. It is also unique in Sarpedon for its large, elite forces specializing in unconventional missions, the Cartadanian Special Operations Command, and the versatile Strategic Rapid Action Force, made up of highly mobilized and prepared Special Operations Brigade, Infantry Brigade Parachutist, 1st Jungle Infantry Battalion (Airmobile) and 12th Brigade Light Infantry (Airmobile) able to act anywhere in the country, on short notice, to counter external aggression. The Air Force, one of the largest in the world, has about 5,276 aircraft in service and about 328,000 personnel.


On 7 September 1730, Porta Bianca, an old Cartadanian territory in the Taínean Sea that was first ascertained in the late 1690s, became the first territory of Cartadania to successfully lobby the federal government and be approved for statehood. For nearly forty years after this, the republic remained relatively unchanged. Then, in 1769, Acara became the 8th state to join the union. Having already been a part of Cartadania before, its adoption process was fairly quick after its government was able to agree on rejoining the union. Twenty-five years later, it was split in half to form the lower portion of Aleira on 6 September 1794. This was the first time a state had been partitioned in the country's history, as the only other two to have done it before, Santiago and Verona, split to their current borders while still part of Caphiria. The country was again quiet for a few years after this addition before setting its sites westward.
Cartadania has been invaded once in modern history during the [[First Great War]], with the only other invasion occurring in the 5th century, prior to the country's existence. Additionally, Cartadania has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbors, nor does it have rivalries or military qualms since the fall of [[Varshan]]. The Cartadanian military has also once intervened militarily to subdue the Cartadanian government, during the [[Ano Vermelho]] from 1697–1698. It has, for the most part, though, built a tradition of participating in LON peacekeeping missions, and the country has, overall, been a strong advocate for diplomacy.


=== Annexation of eastern Vachena ===
As a direct result of the 2002 Vila Real Accords and creation of the [[Union of Sarpedonian States]], Cartadania's military is obligated to an armed response should any of UNESARP's member states come under fire from a foreign assailant. The defense mandate, known as DEFESARP, holds that an attack against one is to be considered an attack against both. This principle was historically referred to as the "Cognati defense" doctrine, and is considered a logical continuation of the Vila Real Accords. It further provides for cooperation on military training, advanced cyber, artificial intelligence and autonomy, quantum technologies, undersea capabilities, hypersonic and counter-hypersonic, electronic warfare, innovation and information sharing. The armed forces of both countries have access to each other's bases and territories, extending the reach of the union to a global level.
In Spring 1798, Cartadania's western states of Santiago and Veneza were beginning to spread the idea of a better life for the people of Iordas and Carina the northwesternmost provinces of Vachena, which ultimately turned out to be an effort to expand their respective territories. Fueled by the lack of representation in their own capital of Carolina, and the lack of border control between Vachena and Cartadania, the people, first of Carina, began to intermix with the Venezanos and Santiagans, visiting Cartadania (albeit illegally) and vice-versa. In fact, Venezans actually started their own farms in Vachena, which went against Carolina and Alahuela's separation agreement, the historic Magna Discordia. Because the vast majority of then-western Cartadanians could speak Latin with dialects similar to those of eastern Vachena, it was becoming difficult to enforce the rule of the Magna Discordia.


In late summer of the same year, uprisings along the coast of Carina caused the Vachenan military to enter the region which made many Santiagans uneasy. The land along the Trentine River which separated Cartadania from Vachena at the time was fortified by Vachenan military police, which caused Alahuela to send Marshalls to western Santiago. A minor disagreement between the two groups lead Cartadania's Supreme Court to call into question the validity of the Magna Discordia which lead to Senate Resolution 16, an assessment of the rules and protocols of the document by Cartadania's entire federal government. Heightening tensions along this border caused the Department of the Interior (now the [[Department of Homeland Security (Cartadania)|Department of Homeland Security]]) to send agents to the area to assess the impending fallout, and in March 1799, the first Vachena Crisis ensued. The buildup of tensions in the region caused a ripple effect across the country. News of the civil unrest in Carina spread to Iordas and Faraya (now [[Ferara]]), and the Vachenan Parliament issued an emergency order to military police to end the uprisings. Venza Sentinate and Caille Herini, then-governors of Carina and Iordas respectively, petitioned Alahuela for voluntary annexation. They cited the willingness of Cartadania's federal government to accept anyone and ascension of Porta Bianca, a territory over 750 miles from Alahuela at its closest point. Originally, Congress still refused, not wanting to escalate into war with Vachena, who was still in particular alliance with Caphiria, but the Supreme Court, in essence, ordered Congress to comply with the agreement in place with Carolina and Venceia. Because the Magna Discordia only specified separation of 100-years, the separation had expired in 1771 by virtue of the Imperator, thus Senate Resolution 17 was authorized and Cartadania's government de jure annexed not only Iordas and Carina, but also the Southern Territory, of which today is Montecarlo, Siena, and southern Ferara.
=== Foreign policy ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Cartadania}}
{{See also|Union of Sarpedonian States}}
The foreign policy of Cartadania is the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its organizations, corporations, and individual citizens. The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the Cartadania, including all the Bureaus and Offices in the [[Department of State (Cartadania)|Department of State]], as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the Cartadanian people and the international community". In addition, the Cartadanian Chamber Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: "export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; measures to foster commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard Cartadanian business abroad; international commodity agreements; international education; and protection of Cartadanian citizens abroad and expatriation. Cartadanian foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate, praise and criticism, both domestically and abroad, especially in times of budget surplus expenditure.  


This annexation did not so easily occur, though, because as Congress had feared, the ensuing turmoil caused by the implication rattled Vachena to its core. Cartadania's congress and Supreme Court argued that the basis for annexation was determined with the independence of both countries on the expiry of the Magna Discordia's separation agreement. The legal body of Cartadania further argued that the agreement set forth allowed the countries to reunify at the will of the respective people. Vachena's parliament stated that the claim was baseless as the Magna Discordia itself expired with the separation agreement and the sovereignty of Vachena was challenged with Cartadania's annexation (thus constituting a basis for war). Consequently, the battles raged on legally for some time between the two, with Vachena wanting to request the help of Caphiria's Tribunalis Ultima as a third party. Though it never escalated to war, the annexation lead to a complete downturn in Carto-Vachenan relations. Nonetheless, aside from temporary occupation, Cartadania did not have a permanent presence in much of the annexed area. However, because Cartadania had stronger relations with most of the world, especially the nations of southern Levantia, many maps and records reflected the change in borders.
The vast majority of Cartadania's international relations are amicable and it maintains relations with more than 100 countries. Although oversight of foreign policy is the responsibility of the Department of State, the development policy of Cartadania is a semi-independent area of foreign policy. It is formulated by the multiple bureaus within the Department of State and carried out by the implementing organisations. The Cartadanian government sees development policy as a joint responsibility of the international community. The country has participated in various organizations for international development, including those for educational attainment like the [[ARGUS|Accord of Romance Governments for University and Solidarity]] (ARGUS), international peace and security diplomatic organizations such at the [[League of Nations]], and has even participated in economic and military organizations, such as with the now-defunct [[Levantia and Odoneru Treaty Association]]. As of the 2002 ratification of the [[Vila Real Accords]], Cartadania has been in a supranational union with Pelaxia, known as the [[Union of Sarpedonian States]], or UNESARP. It binds their economies to a common currency, the [[Real]], and orchestrates a similar political system between the member states. It also obligates both to a military response should the other be attacked by a foreign assailant. The open borders between the two has made economic growth between the two very explosive and Alahuela has long considered Albalitor a strategic and necessary ally.


Despite the upheaval and tension that the timing caused, Congress also did not officially annex the entirety of Vachena at that time. Instead, on 1 September 1799, it united Carina and most of Iordas to create the present-day borders of a new state and gave the area the name Lumbhardi for the river that flows through it. Still in political disarray, Congress moved quickly and filed a motion to admit Lumbhardi as a state. On 1 December 1799, the then-possession (aka Territory of Second Class) modified its name to the current Lombardia and was admitted to the union as the seventh state on 15 December 1799. This decision was very poorly received by many Vachenans around the Carolina area who opposed the events ongoing in the area. Public opinion improved when Congress allowed permissive retention of Vachenan and Cartadanian citizenship, the first instance of dual-citizenship between the two countries.
=== Law enforcement and crime ===
Law enforcement in Cartadania is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Department of Investigation ({{lang-cd|Departamento Federal de Investigação}} or ''DFI'') and the Federal Marshals Service have specialized duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing federal courts' rulings and federal laws. At the federal level and in almost every state, a legal system operates on a common law. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state criminal courts. Though not widespread in Cartadania, a limited form of plea bargaining does exist and is called a "conformity sentence" meaning the accused is in agreement and can only be used in minor charges but not in serious charges where nine or more years of prison may be imposed, therefore it is most commonly found in misdemeanor trials or low severity felonies.


In an effort to, arguably, rub salt in the wound, Alahuela contributed large sums of money for the development of infrastructure to Lombardia, which was in contrast to the neighboring Vachenan provinces of Averius, Spero, and Spirito Santo (Aveiro and Espírito Santo, respectively) whom, like Lombardia's predecessors, were quite suburban and rural in nature. This lead to a short-lived public outcry that eventually settled during the events leading to the Great War.
[[Capital punishment around the world|Capital punishment]] is sanctioned in Cartadania for certain federal and military crimes, and used in several states, commonly referred to by the term "summa poena". No executions took place from 1997 to 2012, owing in part to a Supreme Court ruling striking down arbitrary imposition of the death penalty. In 2011, that Court ruled that, under appropriate circumstances, capital punishment may constitutionally be imposed. Since the decision there have been more than 1,300 executions, a majority of these taking place in three states: [[Aveiro]], [[Lombardia]], and [[São Andreas]]. Meanwhile, several states have either abolished or struck down death penalty laws. In 2025, however, the Supreme Court partially struck down the use of capital punishment in Cartadania as "Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority." and consequently ordered compliance by all subordinate jurisdictions. This, however, does not apply to what is referred to as "Trigger" or "Class 0" felonies, typically associated with acts of genocide, use of deadly weapon in a public place like a school, or severe foreign acts of war. The last death penalty execution at the federal level occurred in 2021, with the execution of Cane Pendry.


=== Great War ===
While Cartadania itself has no federal civilian police department (federal marshals are an arm of the [[Department of Justice (Cartadania)|Department of Justice]] and perform specific tasks), the various agencies (e.g., the Department of Justice) work with local police on various tasks, and its not uncommon to see various agencies' officers at crime scenes throughout the country.
Following the annexation of approximately fifty percent of Vachena's land area, Cartadania found it had entered a new stage of the world. Aligning itself with the ideals of southern Levantia through long-term allies, [[Burgundie]] and [[Urcea]], it quickly found itself in a less-than-ideal position if a conflict arose against it from Caphiria. The country's position made it particularly vulnerable during the Great War, especially considering its position between Caphiria and Vachena, who supported Caphiria. Thusly, Alahuela began setting up Forte Ataris, one of the largest Army bases in Cartadania. It positioned troops at the base on standby during the Second Vachena Crisis, at a point where Cartadania and Pelaxia were fearing invasion from Caphiria. As conflicts between Caphiria and Urcea ensued, Congress felt the need to eliminate any unnecessary threat, and in a period of about six weeks, fully surrounded Carolina and annexed the remaining portions of Vachena, ceasing the country's existence. In accordance with its historical agreements and views, however, Alahuela allowed Vachenans who wished to return to Caphiria to do so without issue. It was also at this time that Cartadania annexed the Caphirian province of Dacian, and the insular area of Dominica Sancta (See [[Santa Domenica]]), which it now shares with Pelaxia.


==Geography==
The Border Security Agency ({{lang-cd|Agência de Segurança das Fronteiras}} or ''ASF'') is a Cartadanian federal law enforcement agency tasked with securing the nation's border, alongside the [[Cartadanian Coast Guard|Coast Guard]]. Its mission is to detect and prevent illegal aliens, terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering Cartadania, and prevent illegal trafficking of people and contraband. It was an agency within Cartadanian Customs and Border Protection, a component of the former Department of National Security, but the two have been consolidated into a single entity under the Department of Homeland Security. The force was created during the Vachena Crises and was continuously in operation during the [[Great Wars]] and [[Occidental Cold War]], when relations between Cartadania and Caphiria were still uncertain. With over 21,000 agents, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in Cartadania.
===Climate===
===Biodiversity and environment===
==Politics==
===Administrative divisions===
{| class="infobox"
|style="text-align: center;"|{{Cartadania Labelled Map|width=638}}[[Administrative divisions of Cartadania|States and territories of Cartadania]]
|}


===Law===
===Military===
===Foreign policy===
===Law enforcement and crime===
====Border Security Force====
==Economy==
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Cartadania}}
[[File:Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Calaine]], the financial capital of Cartadania.]]
Cartadania boasts a {{wp|developed country|highly developed}} and {{wp|high income country|prosperous}} {{wp|mixed economy}}, with the government owning strategic areas. This has enabled it to become the [[Sarpedon|second-largest national economy in Sarpedon]] and the {{wp|List of countries by GDP|fourth-largest by GDP}}. Despite its early sensitivity to global business cycles, the economy of Cartadania has demonstrated robust growth since the beginning of the industrial era. It has also demonstrated resilience in the face of financial downturns, with the country being less vulnerable to their effects than many other economies.
Cartadania has a reputation for being one of the most technologically advanced and innovative economies worldwide, with its firms at the forefront of technological advances. The country has excelled in numerous fields, including {{wp|artificial intelligence}}, {{wp|pharmaceuticals}}, and {{wp|aerospace industry|aerospace}} and {{wp|military equipment}}. As a result, it has established itself as a significant contributor to global technological development. Furthermore, Cartadania has strong trading relationships with numerous countries worldwide, including [[Bulkh]], Caphiria, and Pelaxia (through UNESARP), among others. As a result, it has become a significant trading partner and a vital player in regional and global trade.
In addition to its technological advancements, Cartadania conducts extensive applied research, generating a significant amount of knowledge in its laboratories. It is commonly regards as being a bridge between university insights and industry-specific improvements, with practical industrial value being the driving force behind its research. This focus on applied research has allowed Cartadania to become a leader in innovation and development in numerous fields, ensuring its continued success in the global marketplace.
===Components and energy===
===Components and energy===
Cartadania's economy is a well-balanced mix of different sectors, each playing a vital role in contributing to the country's economic growth. The services sector, which employs the majority of the workforce, is comprised of a variety of industries such as {{wp|telecommunications industry|telecommunications}}, {{wp|healthcare industry|healthcare}}, {{wp|retail industry|retail}}, {{wp|finance industry|finance}}, and {{wp|entertainment industry|entertainment}}, among others. This sector has continued to grow, driven by increasing consumer demand and technological advancements.
The industrial sector, on the other hand, is characterized by the production of goods such as [[Automotive industry in Cartadania|automobiles]], {{wp|aerospace industry|aerospace equipment}}, {{wp|machinery}}, {{wp|textile industry|textiles}}, and {{wp|chemicals}}. These industries have been a major source of employment for many decades and continue to be significant contributors to the country's GDP. The manufacturing sector, which is a subset of the industrial sector, has undergone significant changes over the years, with many companies investing in advanced technology to improve efficiency and productivity.
Despite its small size relative to the rest of the economy, Cartadania's agricultural sector is an important contributor to the economy, supporting food processing and the production of consumer goods worldwide. The sector has faced challenges such as declining productivity, rising labor costs, and changing consumer preferences, but the government has implemented various policies to support farmers and encourage innovation.
One of Cartadania's key strengths is its abundance of natural resources, including {{wp|coal}}, {{wp|iron}}, {{wp|natural gas}}, and {{wp|petroleum}}. The country has established itself as a major producer and exporter of these resources, contributing significantly to its trade balance. However, the government recognizes the need to reduce reliance on non-renewable resources and has taken steps to promote renewable energy and sustainable practices.
Cartadania's current {{wp|inflation}} rate of -0.3% reflects its stable economic conditions and sound monetary policies. The government has implemented various measures to promote sustainable economic growth, including investing in infrastructure, encouraging entrepreneurship, and promoting innovation. However, the country still faces challenges such as increasing competition from other nations and the need to adapt to changing market conditions.
The domestic energy sector is a significant component of the Cartadanian economy, as it is one of the world's largest energy consumers. The government has taken steps to transition to a low-carbon, renewable energy system, which will have implications for the country's economic growth and development. The construction of renewable energy infrastructure, such as {{wp|solar power|solar}} and {{wp|wind farm}}s, as well as the eventual decommissioning of nuclear power plants, will create opportunities for job growth and investment in the energy sector. Additionally, the government's emphasis on energy efficiency and demand management will help to mitigate the costs associated with energy consumption and reduce the overall economic burden of energy production and consumption.
===Tourism===
===Tourism===
==Demographics==
 
===Race and ethnicity===
== Demographics ==
===Religion===
With a population of 376 million according to the 2030 census, Cartadania is the second-most populous country in Sarpedon after [[Caphiria]], and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at {{convert|91.2|PD/km2|PD/sqmi}}. The overall life expectancy in Cartadania at birth is 84.19 years (81.87 years for males and 86.51 years for females). According to health data from participating institutions reporting to the Department of Health and Human Services, Cartadania had a net gain of one person every 100 seconds, or about 864 people per day. The median age of the country is 39.3 years, but is beginning to increase as the nation's largest demographic sector matures.
===Urbanization===
 
===Language===
Cartadania is a fairly diverse land, settled mostly by the Latin people of Caphiria and from descent of Adonerum. Their arrival and settlements played a profound role in the development and culture of the country. The Latin-descent groups that arrived in Cartadania eventually blended with the native Italic populations throughout the country. As such, some 14% of people in Cartadania are explicitly Latin, while nearly three-quarters of the population is of some Latin or native Cartadanian combination. Small, relatively homogenous minorities of other ethnicities, making up the remaining portions exist in Cartadania, spread throughout the nation in many different areas.
===Population===
 
{{Largest cities of Cartadania}}
 
;Metropolitan areas
{{Main|List of metropolitan areas in Cartadania}}
[[File:20190616154621!Echo Park Lake with Downtown Los Angeles Skyline.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sierra]], the largest city in Cartadania and anchor of its largest metropolitan area.]]
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background: #efefef;"
!rowspan="2"|Rank
!rowspan="2"|Metro area
!rowspan="2"|State or<br />Territory
!colspan="2"|Population
|- style="background: #efefef;"
!<small>Government data</small>
!<small>Other estimations</small>
|- style="text-align:right;"
|1||[[Palm Coast metropolitan area|Palm Coast]]||[[Verona]]||31,678,490||style="text-align:left;"|30.2 – 36.5 m
|- style="text-align:right;"
|2||[[Alahuela]]||[[Alahuela]], [[Alexandria]], [[Verona]]||10,883,207||style="text-align:left;"|{{nowrap|9.6 – 11.3 m}}
|- style="text-align:right;"
|3||[[Newport, Santiago|Newport]]–[[Carina County, Santiago|Carina]]||[[Santiago]]||10,501,585||style="text-align:left;"|10.5 – 12.3 m
|- style="text-align:right;"
|4||[[Orange metropolitan region|Orange]]||[[Verona]]||9,194,867||style="text-align:left;"|9.2 – 9.3 m
|- style="text-align:right;"
|5||[[Auvergne]]||[[Maresia]]||9,043,251||style="background:silver;"|
|- style="text-align:right;"
|6||[[New Venceia]]||[[Alexandria]]||7,410,578||style="background:silver;"|
|- style="text-align:right;"
|7||[[Castelusia]]||[[Lombardia]]||7,035,053||style="background:silver;"|
|- style="text-align:right;"
|8||[[Centralia]]||[[Verona]]||7,846,152||style="background:silver;"|
|- style="text-align:right;"
|9||[[Olympia metropolitan area|Olympia]]||[[Verona]]||5,098,662||style="background:silver;"|
|- style="text-align:right;"
|10||[[Valentia]]||[[Toscana]]||5,043,854||style="background:silver;"|
|}
 
=== Language ===
{{Main|Cartadanian language|Languages of Cartadania}}
Cartadanian is the official and predominant spoken language in Cartadania. It is a {{wp|Romance language}} derived from vulgar latin of the Caphiric latin offshoot in Odros and the Kindreds (hence its categorization as Odo-Kindredian). Cartadanian is one of the most widely spoken first languages in the world, with around 440 million native speakers, and is the second-most spoken Romance language on the planet with a total 520 million speakers (including L2 speakers).
 
Recognised native minority languages in Cartadania are Charentais, Ettian, Latin, Lotoan, and Suyaran; they are officially protected by the Code for Regional or Minority Languages. The most used immigrant languages are Burgoignesc, Carnish, Coscivian, Ænglish, Etzilian, Lebhan, and other Taínean languages. Cartadanians are typically multilingual: 71% of Cartadanian citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 34% in at least two. Cartadania's position so close to the largest countries on the planet, both of which have a very large Latin-speaking population, means that being able to communicate in that language is important. A strong willingness to build relations between countries has germinated a culture of learning foreign languages very early in life, and many schools in Cartadania have multilingual options.
 
=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Cartadania}}
<gallery mode="packed">
Columbia pano.jpg|Central Commons of the [[Erudite University of Alahuela]]
</gallery>
Responsibility for educational supervision in Cartadania is primarily organized within the individual state and local governments, with regulations by the [[Department of Education (Cartadania)|Department of Education]]. Optional early education ({{lang-cd|Anteprimaria}}) and kindergarten ({{lang-cd|Primaria}}) education is provided for all children between newborn and five years old, after which school attendance is compulsory for at least twelve years. Primary education usually lasts for five to six years, while Secondary education is divided into intermediate and high schools, lasting three and four years, respectively. Secondary schooling can also be divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship leads to a skilled qualification that is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school.
 
Cartadania has many private and public institutions of higher education. A sizeable portion of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in Cartadania. The [[Erudite University of Alahuela]] is one of the largest universities on the planet, enrolling more than 130,000 students on a regular basis. Each state also has its own university system for its respective jurisdiction. While post-secondary education is readily attainable in Cartadania, it is not free like the primary and secondary systems. Costs vary from zero tuition and only the cost of room and board in the Luson partnership states, to standard costs of attendance at many other public and private institutions. Tuition can also vary dramatically, not only from state to state but within a state as well. There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition.
 
Cartadania has some of the most educated citizens in the world, with a 97% secondary graduation rate, of which 71% of those individuals go on to pursue tertiary education. The basic {{wp|literacy}} rate in Cartadania sits at 99%, with the largest gaps being those of rural populations in some insular territories. The federal government, in conjunction with state and local governments, works to promote tertiary education, and through its partnership with [[ARGUS]], students from outside the country can come to Cartadania to learn, which in some cases, can afford those individuals a quick track to citizenship.
 
=== Health ===
The Cartadanian health care system is, by law, one of universal health care largely financed by government national health insurance, although, healthcare is provided to all citizens and residents by a mixed public-private system. During a world health care systems assessment, the World Health Organization found that Cartadania provided one of the best overall health care systems in the world. The Cartadanian healthcare system was ranked second worldwide by the World Health Organization in 2020. In 2032, Cartadania spent 6.7% of its GDP on health care, or $5,065 per capita, a figure much higher than the average spent by countries in cultural proximity to it. Approximately 75% of health expenditures are covered by government funded agencies, and care for people affected by chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS or cystic fibrosis is generally free.
 
Average life expectancy at birth is 81.87 years for men and 86.51 years for women, one of the highest of the World. The fertility rate in 2032 stood at 1.71 children born/per woman and has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 since 1973. With a low birth rate, women also become mothers at a later age, the mean age at first live birth being 28.2 in 2032. A study published in a [[Merced University|Merced]] medical journal found that Cartadania also had the lowest stillbirth rate out of the occidental countries.
 
=== Religion ===
[[File:Plaza_de_Armas_y_Catedral_de_Santiago.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Lynnhaven County, Verona|Lynnhaven Cathedral]]]]
The Cartadanian constitution enshrines secularism in governance, as well as freedom of religion or belief for all, saying that no religion should have a "state character," while allowing for the state to "cooperate" with religious groups. With regard to the constitution, Cartadanians are free to worship as they please, and freedom of religion issues often prove to be top priorities for local and state governments. A vast majority of Cartadanians are Christian, with many falling under Catholic or some other Christian faith. Islam is the second-largest religion in the country. In 2020, as part of a national survey unrelated to the census, 1.9% of the census population (7.08 million people) gave their religion as Islam. It tends to be concentrated in areas with large Audonian populations, especially those who immigrated from the UAE. Cartadania is unique in that its religious sites are not exempted from taxation by way of property. Income earned from religious jobs in Cartadania may be subject to income tax by specific states, dependent on their laws, but the federal government assesses a specialized, low, flat-rate income tax for religious leaders. Though controversial, this was allowed due to public outcry that special treatment of religious sites went against the separation of church and state, and one of the very reasons Caphiria and Cartadania did not get along, which resulted in its independence.
 
The confluence of faiths during the Caphirian colonization of Cartadania led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of [[Caphiric Church|Cartadanian Catholic Church]], characterized by traditional Cartadanian festivities, like the large Carnival festival. There is also a number of individuals professing no religion constituting a significant demographic group, exceeding 11% of the population as of the 2020 census.
 
Despite such strong efforts to keep religion out of the government, Cartadania has one of the largest  numbers of geographic areas named after catholic saints, including four states and two territories–Santa Domenica, Santa Elena, Santarém (Sancta Irene), Santiago (Sancta Iacobu), São Andreas, and São Ricardo–and hundreds of counties and municipalities. There have been several Cartadanian Popes, including the current, [[Pope Gregory XVII]].
 
==Infrastructure==
==Infrastructure==
===Science and technology===
===Science and technology===
Cartadania is known for its advanced research and development in various fields of science and technology. The country has a strong focus on innovation and has invested heavily in research and development, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in many fields. One notable area of expertise is artificial intelligence, with Cartadanian scientists and researchers leading the way in developing cutting-edge AI technologies that are used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. The country is also a leader in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, with many of the world's top pharmaceutical companies having their research and development facilities located in Cartadania. In addition, Cartadania has made significant advancements in aerospace and military technology, with its defense industry being a major contributor to the economy. The country has also been at the forefront of renewable energy research, with the construction of solar and wind farms as well as hydroelectric plants being a key part of the government's plan to transition to a low-carbon economy. Cartadania has a highly educated workforce, with a strong emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. The country has several top-ranked universities, including its flagship [[Erudite University of Alahuela|Erudite]], and the government provides generous funding for scientific research and development.
===Water supply and sanitation===
===Water supply and sanitation===
===Health===
Cartadania has achieved universal and affordable access to public water supply and sanitation. The sector is efficient and of high quality, with a few unique features that distinguish it from other developed countries. These features include low per capita water usage, a high proportion of advanced wastewater treatment, and minimal water distribution losses. Counties and municipalities are responsible for providing water supply and sanitation services, and they are subject to state regulations. Professional associations and utility associations also play an important role in the sector, contributing to its success.
===Education===
 
===Media and communication===
In order to reduce Cartadania's reliance on groundwater in areas with high salinity, the country has implemented innovative hydraulic engineering and integrated water management approaches. These include the reuse of reclaimed water, the creation of protected areas in urban rainwater catchments, and the use of estuaries as freshwater reservoirs. Additionally, water desalination technology has been introduced to further address the issue of high salinity in some areas.
 
=== Telecommunications ===
Cartadania's system of telecommunications is highly developed. It is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system. The cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly to extremely rural areas, and includes roaming service to foreign countries, while those visiting countries where the operating carrier is also present continue life as usual.
 
The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centers, media gateways and signaling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fiber-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fiber, and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by [[Axiom S.A.|Axiom Communications]] and [[Alô S.A.|Alfa Telecom]], while the mobile phone market in Cartadania is dominated by 3 main cellular operators: [[Axiom S.A.|Axiom Communications]], [[Alô S.A.|Alô]], and [[Claro S.A.|Claro]].
 
About 356 million people in Cartadania (approximately 95% of the population) use the {{wp|internet}}, and the country has one of the world's fastest average internet connection speeds, with average download speeds of around 235.8 {{wp|Mbit/s}} for fixed broadband connections and 104.4 Mbit/s for mobile (cellular only) connections.
 
The development of the system as a whole is owed to the federal government and states' expenditures towards its development, working with electronics companies and developing the industry, and promoting the usage of more modern technologies through education and research. It is overseen, at large, by the [[Public Utilities Commission (Cartadania)|Public Utilities Commission]].
 
===Energy===
===Energy===
{{Main|Energy in Cartadania}}
[[File:Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 04780017 (8388173865).jpg|200px|thumb|right|Simon Ohlson Nuclear Generation Plant on Renaudin Lake.]]
Cartadania is one of the world's largest energy consumers with much of its energy coming from nuclear and renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol. Powering the homes and businesses of over 375 million people places a particularly unique burden on the federal government, which has begun to crack down on the use on non-renewables and use of fossil fuels. The ongoing transition by Cartadania to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply can be seen across the country by construction of solar and wind farms, as well as the construction of dams, of which, the Granita Dam, completed in 2015, is one of the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation. The new system intends to rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity), energy efficiency, and energy demand management.
Nuclear power has been a topical political issue in recent decades due to its precedence in the energy sector, with continuing debates about when the technology should be phased out. Though a formal consensus has not been reached, many officials recommend 2040 as the deadline for Cartadania to phase out its final nuclear facilities. [[Simon Ohlson Nuclear Generation Facility]] in [[Lombardia]], located approximately {{convert|48|km|mi}} southeast of [[Figueroa]], is the highest output nuclear facility in Cartadania, supplying three-quarters of the state's nuclear power. [[Olympia Nuclear Generation Station]] in [[Verona]] is another major nuclear power plant within the country, though having opened in 2015, the Verona Department of Energy has stated it will likely be open into the 2050s.


Cartadania is one of the world's largest energy consumers with much of its energy coming from nuclear and renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol; the Granita Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation. The governmental agencies responsible for the energy policy are the Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, the Energy Commission, the Cartadanian Electric Reliability Corporation and the Congressional Energy Board.
The nation's power transmission grid consists of about {{convert|600000|km|mi}} of power lines operated by approximately 150 companies. The governmental agencies responsible for the energy policy are the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, the Energy Commission, the Cartadanian Electric Reliability Corporation (C³E), and the Congressional Energy Board.


The nation's power transmission grid consists of about 600,000 km of lines operated by approximately nearly 500 companies. The Cartadanian Electric Reliability Corporation (CICE) oversees all of them.
===Transport===
===Transport===
==Culture==
==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Cartadania}}
Many aspects of Cartadanian culture can be traced back to the early cultures of Western Levantia and tCaphiria of the past and their collision with Cartadania's native civilizations. The Caphirians brought Catholicism, Audonians, and catalyzed the creation of a feudal encomienda system. After the fall of Caphirian rule over the Odridian zone, the Cartadanian people attempted to establish a pluralistic political system, between conservative and liberal ideals, however it was not without difficulty. The conservatives supported the involvement of the Catholic Church in the state, while liberals favored the separation of these. Some aspects of Cartadanian culture are contributions of Caphirian, Coscivian, Pelaxian, and other immigrants. Native people and Polynesians played a large role in the formation of the Cartadanian language, cuisine, music, dance, and religion. The famous elements of Cartadanian culture are its art, music, style, and iconic food. Popular tastes in drama in Cartadania have long favored comedy; the improvisational style known as the Comédia de arte began in Cartadania in the mid-16th century and is still performed today.
===Architecture===
===Architecture===
{{Main|Architecture of Cartadania}}
[[File:Art Deco Ialas, Espírito Santo.png|thumb|250px|right|Art Deco street in Ialas, Espírito Santo.]]
Cartadania's architectural style has displayed remarkable diversity over the years, evolving throughout its history. While classical architecture is prominent in parts of the capital, its prevalence decreases outside this area, an uncommon trend of the developed Occident and one that has seen a particularly unique sense of style develop throughout the region.
{{wp|Art Deco}}, originating in Cartadania during the 1910s, gained prominence during the interwar period. This style merged early 20th-century Modernist avant-garde elements with the opulence and fine craftsmanship of Canetic historic design, occasionally incorporating motifs from non-Western cultures. Art Deco symbolized luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in societal and technological advancement. It featured rare and costly materials such as ebony and ivory, as well as exquisite craftsmanship. Such elements were considered ordinary for Cartadania during that era.
In regions with significant indigenous populations, particularly Vallosi and Suyaran, architecture draws inspiration from native styles. Traditional indigenous structures, crafted from local materials, cater to regional environmental conditions. Thatched roofs, open spaces, and the use of wood and bamboo are common elements. The traditional cognatian architectural style, mainly found in the nation's southern interior regions like Vitrea, includes decorative tiles, wrought-iron balconies, and city layouts featuring central squares and churches.
Urban areas, like the city of [[Alahuela]], exhibit diverse architectural styles, from sleek skyscrapers to contemporary residential buildings. Contemporary architects often blend global design trends with Cartadanian cultural elements. This progressive approach is increasingly popular, with government buildings adopting similar styles in various regions.
Preservation of historical structures and landmarks is vital in Cartadania. While older buildings may be replaced with modern designs, the commitment to conservation ensures the upkeep of colonial-era structures and cultural sites. Architectural diversity mirrors the nation's cultural richness, with regional variations influenced by local customs and traditions. Cities with strong Levantine immigrant communities in the east often feature architecture reminiscent of their countries of origin.
In recent years, sustainability and energy efficiency have become central to architectural design. Integration with the natural environment is increasingly important, and many areas require green spaces in architectural plans to combat issues like heat islands and {{wp|Wet-bulb temperature#Wet-bulb temperature and health|wet-bulb}} phenomena.
===Music===
===Music===
===Literature===
===Literature===
===Cuisine===
===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cuisine of Cartadania}}
Cartadania's culinary heritage is deeply entrenched in historical traditions and has been formed from a fusion of culinary influences from Levantine, Cronan, Audonian, and Alshari origins. This amalgamation of diverse culinary elements has given rise to a nuanced culinary landscape characterized by distinct regional variations, mirroring the nation's geographical and cultural diversity. The country's high level of biodiversity has imparted an array of ingredients upon its culinary landscape, and the variety is further expanded by its ties with neighboring countries. The infusion of traditional spices from Cartadania and Caphiria, rooted in their historic spice trade, has especially contributed unique flavors to Cartadanian gastronomy. Notable among these spices are chili peppers, black pepper, saffron, and paprika, contributing to the nuanced taste profiles of both savory and dessert offerings.
Seafood occupies a prominent position in many regions, exemplified by dishes such as moqueca, a revered seafood stew enriched with ingredients like tomatoes, onions, garlic, and lime. Meat-centric preparations, featuring beef, lamb, and pork, highlight the culinary prowess of the nation, finding a strong foothold in the nation's interior regions. Cartadanian cuisine bears the imprint of neighboring countries, especially Caphiria, particularly its province of [[Turiana]], and Pelaxia. Elements of Caphirian-style dishes and cheeses have found favor, while the Turian and Pelaxian culinary influence introduces depth and variety. The nation's penchant for indigenous beverages is evident in the consumption of cachaça, mate tea, coffee, fruit juices, and beer, reflecting a vibrant beverage culture.
Desserts encompass a diverse array of flavors and textures as well. Bolo de rolo has become very popular with its thinly layered cake enveloping guava paste, while brigadeiro and beijinho are most commonly associated with the country, made with condensed milk and adorned with chocolate or coconut, respectively. The popularity of açaí na tigela, derived from the açaí palm fruit and often just known by the name açaí, reflects the growing trend of culinary globalization in the occident, particularly from Sarpedon's "big three" (i.e., Caphiria, Cartadania, and Pelaxia). Additionally, dulce de leche, introduced from Pelaxia, has secured a significant place in Cartadanian confectionery, especially in major metro areas of the south.
===Cinema===
===Cinema===
===Theatre===
===Theatre===
===Visual arts===
===Visual arts===
===Sports===
===Sports===
==See Also==
==See Also==
[[Category:Cartadania]]
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Sarpedon]]
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Latest revision as of 10:21, 15 July 2024

Federative Republic of Cartadania

República Federativa da Cartadania
of Cartadania
Coat of arms
Motto: 
"Sic Semper Tyrannis"
Thus always to tyrants
Other traditional mottos:
  • "Lux Aeterna" (Latin)
    "Eternal light"
  • "Novus ordo mundi" (Latin)
    "New World Order"
  • "Terra libera" (Latin)
    "Land of the Free"
  • "Ad umbilici mundi" (Latin)
    "At the crossroads of the world"
Coat of arms of the Old Republic
CapitalAlahuela
Largest citySierra
Official languagesCartadanian
Ethnic groups
By race:
Demonym(s)Cartadanian
Carto(a) (colloquial)
Caridonian/Caridiano(a) (antiquated)
GovernmentFederal presidential federal system
• President
Anteros Ballas (SDP)
Rafael Braga (SDP)
Victor Cabello (SDP)
Esperanza Rodriguez
LegislatureNational Congress
Senate
Chamber of Emissaries
Establishment
• Separation from Caphiria
1630
• Civil War / Ano Vermelho
1697-1698
• Reform
1710
Area
• Total
4,122,251 km2 (1,591,610 sq mi) (5th)
Population
• 2020 census
378,150,569 (9th)
• Density
92.1/km2 (238.5/sq mi) (26th)
GDP (PPP)2032 estimate
• Total
Increase $28.5 trillion (4th)
• Per capita
Increase $75,438 (1st)
GDP (nominal)2032 estimate
• Total
Increase $28.5 trillion (4th)
• Per capita
Increase $75,438 (1st)
Gini (2032)Positive decrease 36.4
medium
HDI (2032)Increase 0.985
very high
CurrencyReal (RLS)
Mains electricity120 V, 60 Hz
Driving sideright
Calling code+10
Internet TLD.ca

Cartadania, officially known as the Federative Republic of Cartadania (Cartadanian: República Federativa da Cartadania), is a sovereign country located on the Caridon Peninsula of Sarpedon, with territories spanning across the globe. Bordered by Caphiria along its only land borders, the country has an area of 4,122,251 square kilometers (1,591,610 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest nation in the world. With a population of approximately 378 million people, it is the second-most populous nation in Sarpedon and ninth worldwide. Cartadania's largely tropical climate features Mediterranean zones, particularly in the sheltered bays, which are tempered by cooler coastal currents, tributaries, and the Carina Bay. In addition to its mainland territories, Cartadania also includes insular areas near Crona, such as the state of Solemia, and Polynesia, including the state of Lotoa, as well as Alshar, with the territory of Haujão. The country also has territories in Sarpedon, including Providência, Santa Domenica, and Santa Elena.

Cartadania is a high-income, highly developed country that owes its success to a robust mixed economy and strong economic growth over the years. Its large size has allowed it to maintain stability in the region, and its citizens enjoy a very high level of human development, including the second-longest life expectancy in the world, surpassed only by Burgundie. Cartadania is a major player in global economic, military, cultural, and diplomatic affairs, and is widely considered a global power. As of 2032, the country's economy is the fourth-largest in the world by both nominal GDP and GDP (PPP), with a total value of approximately $28.5 trillion. The country's economy is also one of the world's fastest-growing major economies, due in large part to reduced barriers to entry in the economy and relaxing tax laws. The national development bank of Cartadania plays an essential role in the country's economic growth, and its diplomatic outreach and support programs to help emerging and young economies have earned it worldwide recognition.

Cartadania has played a key role in the formation and membership of various international organizations, including ARGUS, the Community of Lusophone Nations, the League of Nations, and the Union of Sarpedonian States. Additionally, the country was also a member of the now-defunct Levantia and Odoneru Treaty Association. As a great power in Sarpedon, Cartadania asserts its global influence and is viewed by some analysts as having the potential to attain superpower status in the future. Moreover, Cartadania is renowned as a major breadbasket, being a leading producer of crops such as coffee, oranges, and sugarcane, particularly in its more agrarian south. In fact, the country has held the title of the world's largest coffee producer for at least the past 270 years. These agricultural industries have played a significant role in the country's economic growth and international trade relationships.

Cartadania's diverse cultural heritage reflects influences from various groups, including indigenous peoples, Latin settlers, Taínean migrants, and immigrants from Crona and the Polynesian Sea. This has resulted in one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world at the personal level, while still maintaining a distinctive national identity overall. As one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries, Cartadania boasts a rich biodiversity, with its territory encompassing the Satherian rainforest, tropical grassland, and coastlines along several major seas as well as high-altitude areas with markedly cooler climates. Its dense biodiversity makes it one of the most biodiverse countries per square kilometer in the world.

History

Pre-Caphirian Cartadania

The pre-Caphirian era of Cartadania, spanning from around 9000 BC to 370 BC, represents a crucial phase characterized by the transition from prehistory to ancient history. During this epoch, indigenous cultures, marked by intricate societal structures, agricultural advancements, and distinct societies, flourished. The Mandera River region, particularly inhabited by the Adonerii, served as the cradle of Cartadania's early human habitation, leading to the establishment of various coastal communities, like modern-day Valorica. The adoption of agriculture, featuring crops like pineapple, cacão, and cassava, fundamentally transformed Adonerii from the intermingling with indigenous lifestyles, paving the way for surplus food production. Diverse societies, including the Ettian, Linaca, Lombards, and Veronese, emerged with unique religious, symbolic, and artistic traditions, contributing to the complexity of Cartadania's indigenous civilization. In the 8th century BC, the Ettian civilization reached its zenith, influencing neighboring societies and leaving an enduring legacy of artistic and architectural achievements. The arrival of Caphirian settlers around 370 BC marked a transformative moment, bringing together indigenous populations and initiating a cultural blending that would shape the future of Cartadania. Despite occasional conflicts, this period set the stage for the amalgamation of cultures and the dawn of a new chapter in Cartadania's history.

Caphirian colonization

Fabiano Santos Almeida, a notable terra quaesitor

The Caphirian colonization period in Cartadania, commencing around 370 BC, marks a significant juncture that bridged the ancient indigenous cultures of the region with the impact of the Caphirian imperium. These early Caphirian explorers, often referred to as 'terra quaesitores,' embarked on a challenging journey into the uncharted territory of the Caridon Peninsula. Overcoming formidable geographical barriers, dense tropical forests, and diverse wildlife, these pioneers gradually expanded their territorial presence along the coastal regions. Their encounters with indigenous societies, including the prominent Ettian and Caridian groups, initiated a dynamic cultural exchange that laid the groundwork for a distinct Cartadanian identity.

The momentum of colonization persisted into the Lombard Valley in 704 AD, introducing new challenges posed by rugged terrain and dense forests. By the 11th century, under the rule of Imperator Darius, the eastern Caridon Peninsula coalesced into the geo-political entity of Lusia, divided into nine regions across five provinces. Each province, including Alexandria, Verona, Sacilium, Regio Iordas, and Regio Carina, contributed to the diverse cultural tapestry that defines modern Cartadania. Notably, the Fortuna Isles, which would later become São Ricardo, maintained a distinct identity and a history dating back to indigenous habitation, serving as a crucial crossroads for navigators and retaining its independent self-governance amidst the waves of change.

Struggle for independence

Signing of the Compactum Caridonis.

The period of Cartadania's struggle for independence, spanning the late 16th to early 17th centuries, was marked by political unrest, separatist movements, and the eventual emergence of a new, independent state. Rooted in growing discontent with distant Caphirian rule, particularly during the transition from the principate to the Dominate era, this period witnessed significant developments. The Verona regio of Lusia, feeling marginalized under Caphirian governance, passed the Vermilion Act in the 15th century, asserting autonomy and a distinct identity but was ultimately subdued. This act became a catalyst for similar actions in other provinces like Alexandria and Sancti. Imperator Legarus attempted constitutional changes to address regional tensions but was challenged by separatist movements.

The Great Schism of 1615 and internal changes in Caphiria further fueled separatist forces. The Maresian Revolt in 1623 and the 1626 seizure of Saleria marked pivotal moments. The Compactum Caridonis agreement in 1630 granted Cartadania, and by association, Vachena, independence but the Vachenan ties to Venceia posed logistical challenges due to disjointed territorial borders caused by Cartadania.

On September 1630, what would become Cartadania officially seceded, initially as the Caridon Federation and later renamed as the Caridon Federal Republic in October 1630, emphasizing federalism and self-governance principles. The ratification of its constitution in the same month solidified its status as a sovereign state, setting the stage for its unique cultural and political development.

United Kingdom era

Commonwealth

Formation of modern republic

Late 17th and 18th century

Ano Vermelho

Independent Cartadania

19th and 20th century

Industrial revolution

Great Wars

Cold War

Present history

Geography

Mount Nero, also known as Ivoti Cué, in Toscana.

Cartadania occupies 4,122,251 square kilometers (1,591,610 sq mi) of northern Sarpedon in a region known as the Caridon Peninsula, the only country that now exists in this region. Along its northern boundary, Cartadania occupies around 65% of Sarpedon's coastline on the Odoneru Ocean. It also has coasts along the Urlazian Sea, as well as the Kindreds and Taínean Seas, with territory in the Sea of Orixtal, Sea of Capelan, and Polynesian Sea. It's only modern-day land boundary is with Caphiria, which borders it along the south and east, though it historically also shared borders with Pelaxia.

Its territory includes a number of islands, atolls, and archipelagic regions in Alshar, Crona, and Polynesia, as well as near its metropolitan territory off the coasts of Sarpedon, such as Haujão, Lotoa, and Providência. It is the ninth-largest country by land area and the second-largest in Sarpedon, after Caphiria. It spans four time zones; from UTC−5 comprising the state of Porta Bianca to UTC−4 spanning Santarém and Bahia, as well as the two major islands of Aveiro, to UTC−3 in much of mainland Cartadania (national time) and UTC−2 in the eastern states on Urlazio, as well as São Ricardo.

The highest point by elevation in Cartadania is Monte Nero at 3,851 meters (12,635 ft). Located in the Ursa Mountains as part of the Ursa Formation, it is roughly 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) taller than the second-tallest peak, Mount Alesso, which is located in the state of Trentino. The lowest point in Cartadania is Brink's Point Lake, a collapsed caldera in northern São Andreas that sits −71.6 meters (−235 ft) below sea level.

Climate

The climate of Cartadania is characterized for being largely tropical with strong Mediterranean zones presenting variations within several natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds, and rainfall. The diversity of climate zones in Cartadania is characterized by having tropical rainforests, savannas, steppes, deserts, and mountain climates.

Mountain climate is one of the unique features of the Aegis, Turian, and Ursa mountain ranges and other high altitude reliefs where climate is determined by elevation. Below 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) in elevation is the warm altitudinal zone, where temperatures are above 24 °C (75 °F). About 82.5% of the country's total area lies in the warm altitudinal zone. The temperate climate altitudinal zone located between 1,001–2,000 metres (3,284–6,562 ft) is characterized for presenting an average temperature ranging between 17 and 24 °C (63 and 75 °F). The cold climate is present between 2,001–3,000 metres (6,565–9,843 ft) and the temperatures vary between 12 and 17 °C (54 and 63 °F). Beyond the cold land lie the alpine conditions of the forested zone and then the treeless grasslands of the charnecas. Above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), where temperatures are below freezing, the climate is glacial, a zone of permanent snow and ice, though this condition is rare, even at the highest of Cartadania's peaks.

Biodiversity and environment

The Harpy eagle, Cartadania's national bird and land animal.

The Cartadanian ecology is megadiverse and the country is thought to have the largest diversity of flora and fauna outside of Crona (however, this measure does include its Cronan territories). The megadiversity is in large part due to the varied geography and climate, which in turns causes a large variation in biomes available for ecological development. Many of the species have found themselves becoming symbols of the state and territorial governments where they are found. The Harpy eagle is both the national bird and the national land animal of Cartadania, while the Urlazian Orca is the national marine mammal. Cartadania is home to 53,000 known species of plants, 3,000 species of freshwater fish, and nearly 700 species of mammals. It also has one of the highest counts of bird and reptile species on the planet, at 1,800 and 740, respectively. Fungi are very prevalent throughout the many regions but the exact species count is unknown. Researchers estimate that Cartadania supports a rich and diverse array of plant and animal species, with a potential total nearing four million, primarily composed of invertebrates. The larger mammal population includes carnivorous species such as pumas, jaguars, ocelots, bush dogs, and foxes, as well as herbivores like peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, sloths, opossums, and armadillos. The southwestern region is particularly abundant in deer populations, and Cartadania's various rainforests host a wide variety of New World monkey species.

The Saltos in Ivoti Arí National Park.

Cartadania boasts an extensive network of natural reserves, including 51 national parks and numerous other federally administered parks, forests, and wilderness zones. These collectively encompass the majority of government-owned land, emphasizing conservation efforts, although a small fraction is allocated for oil and gas extraction, with military activities utilizing approximately 0.86% of the total land area.

Environmental concerns have occupied a growing position on Cartadania's national agenda since 1984, gaining even more prominence following the significant 2003 Escondido Point Oil Spill. These matters encompass a range of topics, including debates surrounding oil and nuclear energy usage, strategies for mitigating air and water pollution, the economic ramifications of wildlife protection initiatives, challenges related to logging and deforestation, and Cartadania's international contributions to the global effort against climate change. Various federal and state agencies play essential roles in shaping policies and hosting discussions related to these concerns, with a particular focus on coastal regions.

One of the central entities involved in environmental stewardship is the Department of Environmental Integrity (DEI or DIA), established by presidential decree in 1984. The concept of wilderness has substantially influenced the management of public lands in Cartadania since the 1960s, leading to the implementation of numerous federal regulations and legislative acts designed to conserve and safeguard natural areas. The Endangered Species Act of 1940 is a cornerstone of these efforts, aiming to safeguard threatened and endangered species along with their habitats. These endeavors are vigilantly overseen by the DEI's Bureau of Game, Wildlife, and Inland Fisheries.

Politics

Government

Cartadanian Capitol, seat of National Congress.

Cartadania is a federal, presidential, semi-direct democratic republic with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian political ideology. Federal legislative power is vested in the National Congress consisting of the Senate and Chamber of Emissaries, which together form the legislative body. It makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government. The Cartadanian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1630 constitution, with major revisions in the early 18th century, and all members of Congress have been directly elected since its introduction. Currently, federal law sets a minimum of three senators per state, while the number of Emissaries is dependent on the population. As of 1834, this number has been fixed at no more than 535, with 534 seats currently active and one permanently suspended (formerly belonging to Bicariana). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Senate and the Chamber of Emissaries; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the separation of powers, the federal structure, and the rule of law, are valid in perpetuity. The legislative bodies in each political entity are the main source of law in Cartadania.

Anteros Ballas, 57th and current President of Cartadania.

The President of Cartadania is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term, with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The current president is Anteros Ballas of the Social Democracy Party, former governor of the state of Maresia. The President appoints the Secretaries of each federal department (except Veteran Affairs, which is actually appointed by the Secretary of Defense), who assist in government. Since 1757, the party system has been dominated by the Social Democracy Party and the United Conservative Party, with occasional one-offs from the Progressistas Party. So far every president since 1759 has been a member of one of these parties (the Partido Conservador was the predecessor to the UCP) or in a coalition alignment with them..

The judiciary of Cartadania consists of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are now appointed by the incumbent bench with Senate and presidential approval, though the president can make recommendations from courts throughout the country. It interprets laws and overturns those it finds unconstitutional, like any other branch of government, but the degree of autonomy granted to the courts via judicial review has allowed the interpretation of law to sometimes result in the courts acting more as a legislative body. On more than one occurrence, the supreme court has ordered the other branches to comply with a decision its bench has made, and historically, it has very rarely been challenged.

According to the World Democracy Index, Cartadania ranked first in 2020, a position it had not held since 2000. With regard to the freedoms and laws of Cartadania, the country is seen as a "full democracy" with a high degree of freedom and autonomy. It is considered to be one of the most stable countries in the world, and its citizens often rank as some of the world's happiest.

Administrative divisions

States and territories of Cartadania

Cartadania is, at the broadest level, divided into thirty-three states and five territories, one of which is the federal capital territory of Alahuela. These entities serve as the primary geographical and political units, each with its own constitution and government. States and territories possess varying degrees of autonomy and self-governance, allowing them to enact laws and policies tailored to their unique circumstances. Within states and territories, further administrative divisions exist, reflecting Cartadania's commitment to decentralized governance. The names and nomenclature of these divisions vary across regions. Counties, known as "comarcas" in most areas, are the most common units and serve as administrative regions within states and territories. In some jurisdictions, counties are referred to as parishes, municípios, or merindades. Each of these divisions has specific responsibilities and authorities, often aligned with judicial, educational, and infrastructural functions. In addition to county-level divisions, Cartadania further refines its administrative structure with municipalities, towns, villages, and census-designated places (CDPs). Cities and towns are often distinguished by population size and urban characteristics. Villages, although similar in nature, typically lack general-purpose local government. CDPs, established for census purposes, may have named places and limited local services but do not possess a general-purpose local government. Alahuela is a federated independent city that serves as the capital of Cartadania and is equal in power and status to the states. The states and five territories (Alahuela, Haujão, Providência, Santa Domenica, and Santa Elena) choose the President of the Republic. Congressional districts are reapportioned among the states following each centennial Census of Population. Each state then draws single-member districts to conform with the census apportionment.

While not official governmental entities, Cartadania recognizes nine cultural and historical regions. Eight of these are metropolitan regions, encompassing groups of states and territories with similar characteristics. The ninth region, known as the Periferia Insular (lit.'Insular Outlying') region, comprises distant states and territories, each with its distinct features and challenges. The Lusia region is the largest by both population and land area, covering 1,106,398 square kilometers (427,183 sq mi) with a population of 179.5 million (188.9 million when counting Tanoa), while the Satheria region is the smallest metropolitan region by area at 118,389.5 square kilometers (45,710.4 sq mi) and the Etracia region is the least populous metropolitan region, with 8.522 million people. The Periferia Insular is technically the smallest and least populous region overall, comprising the states of Lotoa and Solemia, as well as the territory of Haujão, with 8,173.5 square kilometers (3,155.8 sq mi) in area and a population of 3.972 million.

The governments of the states have jurisdiction over their rules and regulations (as long as they do not conflict with federal law) and share sovereignty with the federal government. Some states utilize a specific set of shared code rules, and consequently, may be associated together. For example, the Commonwealth states–Lombardia, Maresia, Porta Bianca, Solemia, Verona, and Victoria–share a basic law framework commonly, but informally, known as the Commonwealth Code (Cartadanian: Lei comunidensis, and because these states tend to have a policy of zero-tolerance regarding intentional crimes, the "Commonwealth" states are sometimes thought to all be stricter. However, the title "Commonwealth" is one purely of choice that originated during the end of the Ano Vermelho, and holds no true political value.

The territories operate in equal weight to the states but, historically, lacked the degree of autonomy afforded to the states, a line that is becoming more blurred as years progress. Territories are semi-autonomous regions with their own charters and codes of law, but do not possess constitutions of their own, and as a result operate at the will of the federal constitution. Therefore, a territory may not codify, with the intent to undermine, any regulation or law brought into force by congress. Even if that law is then devolved to the states, the decisions of Congress will continue to stand (except where struck down or challenged by a federal court). In every other aspect, the governments of the territories are nearly identical to those of the states.

Law

The Supreme Court of Cartadania

The Constitution of Cartadania is the supreme law of the country and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. The Constitution Act affirmed governance based on congressional precedent and divided powers between the federal and state governments in a system of parallel sovereignty. The Constitution guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually cannot be over-ridden by any government—though a notwithstanding clause allows Congress and the state legislatures to override certain sections of the Constitution for a period of five years.

Cartadania has a law system based on Urcean Common law, but some states (i.e., Bahia and São Andreas) operate under civil law based on Caphiric law. Criminal law is primarily a federal responsibility but is not truly uniform throughout Cartadania as many laws may fall to the states. Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is officially a state responsibility, conducted by state and municipal police forces, though federal courts do prosecute criminal matters as well.

The Supreme Court is Cartadania's court of last resort responsible for constitutional matters, with the power of judicial review. It generally hears appeals from the courts of appeals (and sometimes state courts), operating under discretionary review, which means that the Supreme Court can choose which cases to hear, by granting writs of certiorari. Consequently, there is generally no basic right of appeal that extends automatically all the way to the Supreme Court. In some situations (e.g., lawsuits between state governments or some cases between the federal government and a state) it sits as a court of original jurisdiction. It is regarded as among the most interventionist and powerful national courts in the world.

Military

The armed forces of Cartadania are some of the largest in the world by active personnel and in terms of military equipment. It consists of the Cartadanian Army (including the Army Aviation Command), the Cartadanian Navy (including Naval Aviation), the Cartadanian Marine Corps, and the Cartadanian Air Force. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Department of Defense administers four of the five service branches, which are made up of the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. The Coast Guard, also a branch of the armed forces, is normally administered by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime, but can be transferred to the Department of the Navy in wartime. Military service in Cartadania is voluntary, and has been since 1974, but conscription may still occur in wartime. Reservists are available to the armed forces and participate in defense exercises and deployments abroad on a pretty regular basis. Cartadania spent $1.260 trillion on its military in 2032, approximately 4.4% of its GDP.

NMC Eloy Saldanha

Numbering close to 220,000 active personnel, the Cartadanian Army has one of the largest number of armored vehicles in the world, including armored transports and tanks. It is also unique in Sarpedon for its large, elite forces specializing in unconventional missions, the Cartadanian Special Operations Command, and the versatile Strategic Rapid Action Force, made up of highly mobilized and prepared Special Operations Brigade, Infantry Brigade Parachutist, 1st Jungle Infantry Battalion (Airmobile) and 12th Brigade Light Infantry (Airmobile) able to act anywhere in the country, on short notice, to counter external aggression. The Air Force, one of the largest in the world, has about 5,276 aircraft in service and about 328,000 personnel.

Cartadania has been invaded once in modern history during the First Great War, with the only other invasion occurring in the 5th century, prior to the country's existence. Additionally, Cartadania has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbors, nor does it have rivalries or military qualms since the fall of Varshan. The Cartadanian military has also once intervened militarily to subdue the Cartadanian government, during the Ano Vermelho from 1697–1698. It has, for the most part, though, built a tradition of participating in LON peacekeeping missions, and the country has, overall, been a strong advocate for diplomacy.

As a direct result of the 2002 Vila Real Accords and creation of the Union of Sarpedonian States, Cartadania's military is obligated to an armed response should any of UNESARP's member states come under fire from a foreign assailant. The defense mandate, known as DEFESARP, holds that an attack against one is to be considered an attack against both. This principle was historically referred to as the "Cognati defense" doctrine, and is considered a logical continuation of the Vila Real Accords. It further provides for cooperation on military training, advanced cyber, artificial intelligence and autonomy, quantum technologies, undersea capabilities, hypersonic and counter-hypersonic, electronic warfare, innovation and information sharing. The armed forces of both countries have access to each other's bases and territories, extending the reach of the union to a global level.

Foreign policy

The foreign policy of Cartadania is the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its organizations, corporations, and individual citizens. The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the Cartadania, including all the Bureaus and Offices in the Department of State, as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the Cartadanian people and the international community". In addition, the Cartadanian Chamber Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals: "export controls, including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware; measures to foster commercial intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard Cartadanian business abroad; international commodity agreements; international education; and protection of Cartadanian citizens abroad and expatriation. Cartadanian foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate, praise and criticism, both domestically and abroad, especially in times of budget surplus expenditure.

The vast majority of Cartadania's international relations are amicable and it maintains relations with more than 100 countries. Although oversight of foreign policy is the responsibility of the Department of State, the development policy of Cartadania is a semi-independent area of foreign policy. It is formulated by the multiple bureaus within the Department of State and carried out by the implementing organisations. The Cartadanian government sees development policy as a joint responsibility of the international community. The country has participated in various organizations for international development, including those for educational attainment like the Accord of Romance Governments for University and Solidarity (ARGUS), international peace and security diplomatic organizations such at the League of Nations, and has even participated in economic and military organizations, such as with the now-defunct Levantia and Odoneru Treaty Association. As of the 2002 ratification of the Vila Real Accords, Cartadania has been in a supranational union with Pelaxia, known as the Union of Sarpedonian States, or UNESARP. It binds their economies to a common currency, the Real, and orchestrates a similar political system between the member states. It also obligates both to a military response should the other be attacked by a foreign assailant. The open borders between the two has made economic growth between the two very explosive and Alahuela has long considered Albalitor a strategic and necessary ally.

Law enforcement and crime

Law enforcement in Cartadania is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Department of Investigation (Cartadanian: Departamento Federal de Investigação or DFI) and the Federal Marshals Service have specialized duties, including protecting civil rights, national security and enforcing federal courts' rulings and federal laws. At the federal level and in almost every state, a legal system operates on a common law. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state criminal courts. Though not widespread in Cartadania, a limited form of plea bargaining does exist and is called a "conformity sentence" meaning the accused is in agreement and can only be used in minor charges but not in serious charges where nine or more years of prison may be imposed, therefore it is most commonly found in misdemeanor trials or low severity felonies.

Capital punishment is sanctioned in Cartadania for certain federal and military crimes, and used in several states, commonly referred to by the term "summa poena". No executions took place from 1997 to 2012, owing in part to a Supreme Court ruling striking down arbitrary imposition of the death penalty. In 2011, that Court ruled that, under appropriate circumstances, capital punishment may constitutionally be imposed. Since the decision there have been more than 1,300 executions, a majority of these taking place in three states: Aveiro, Lombardia, and São Andreas. Meanwhile, several states have either abolished or struck down death penalty laws. In 2025, however, the Supreme Court partially struck down the use of capital punishment in Cartadania as "Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority." and consequently ordered compliance by all subordinate jurisdictions. This, however, does not apply to what is referred to as "Trigger" or "Class 0" felonies, typically associated with acts of genocide, use of deadly weapon in a public place like a school, or severe foreign acts of war. The last death penalty execution at the federal level occurred in 2021, with the execution of Cane Pendry.

While Cartadania itself has no federal civilian police department (federal marshals are an arm of the Department of Justice and perform specific tasks), the various agencies (e.g., the Department of Justice) work with local police on various tasks, and its not uncommon to see various agencies' officers at crime scenes throughout the country.

The Border Security Agency (Cartadanian: Agência de Segurança das Fronteiras or ASF) is a Cartadanian federal law enforcement agency tasked with securing the nation's border, alongside the Coast Guard. Its mission is to detect and prevent illegal aliens, terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering Cartadania, and prevent illegal trafficking of people and contraband. It was an agency within Cartadanian Customs and Border Protection, a component of the former Department of National Security, but the two have been consolidated into a single entity under the Department of Homeland Security. The force was created during the Vachena Crises and was continuously in operation during the Great Wars and Occidental Cold War, when relations between Cartadania and Caphiria were still uncertain. With over 21,000 agents, the Border Patrol is one of the largest law enforcement agencies in Cartadania.

Economy

Calaine, the financial capital of Cartadania.

Cartadania boasts a highly developed and prosperous mixed economy, with the government owning strategic areas. This has enabled it to become the second-largest national economy in Sarpedon and the fourth-largest by GDP. Despite its early sensitivity to global business cycles, the economy of Cartadania has demonstrated robust growth since the beginning of the industrial era. It has also demonstrated resilience in the face of financial downturns, with the country being less vulnerable to their effects than many other economies.

Cartadania has a reputation for being one of the most technologically advanced and innovative economies worldwide, with its firms at the forefront of technological advances. The country has excelled in numerous fields, including artificial intelligence, pharmaceuticals, and aerospace and military equipment. As a result, it has established itself as a significant contributor to global technological development. Furthermore, Cartadania has strong trading relationships with numerous countries worldwide, including Bulkh, Caphiria, and Pelaxia (through UNESARP), among others. As a result, it has become a significant trading partner and a vital player in regional and global trade.

In addition to its technological advancements, Cartadania conducts extensive applied research, generating a significant amount of knowledge in its laboratories. It is commonly regards as being a bridge between university insights and industry-specific improvements, with practical industrial value being the driving force behind its research. This focus on applied research has allowed Cartadania to become a leader in innovation and development in numerous fields, ensuring its continued success in the global marketplace.

Components and energy

Cartadania's economy is a well-balanced mix of different sectors, each playing a vital role in contributing to the country's economic growth. The services sector, which employs the majority of the workforce, is comprised of a variety of industries such as telecommunications, healthcare, retail, finance, and entertainment, among others. This sector has continued to grow, driven by increasing consumer demand and technological advancements.

The industrial sector, on the other hand, is characterized by the production of goods such as automobiles, aerospace equipment, machinery, textiles, and chemicals. These industries have been a major source of employment for many decades and continue to be significant contributors to the country's GDP. The manufacturing sector, which is a subset of the industrial sector, has undergone significant changes over the years, with many companies investing in advanced technology to improve efficiency and productivity.

Despite its small size relative to the rest of the economy, Cartadania's agricultural sector is an important contributor to the economy, supporting food processing and the production of consumer goods worldwide. The sector has faced challenges such as declining productivity, rising labor costs, and changing consumer preferences, but the government has implemented various policies to support farmers and encourage innovation.

One of Cartadania's key strengths is its abundance of natural resources, including coal, iron, natural gas, and petroleum. The country has established itself as a major producer and exporter of these resources, contributing significantly to its trade balance. However, the government recognizes the need to reduce reliance on non-renewable resources and has taken steps to promote renewable energy and sustainable practices.

Cartadania's current inflation rate of -0.3% reflects its stable economic conditions and sound monetary policies. The government has implemented various measures to promote sustainable economic growth, including investing in infrastructure, encouraging entrepreneurship, and promoting innovation. However, the country still faces challenges such as increasing competition from other nations and the need to adapt to changing market conditions.

The domestic energy sector is a significant component of the Cartadanian economy, as it is one of the world's largest energy consumers. The government has taken steps to transition to a low-carbon, renewable energy system, which will have implications for the country's economic growth and development. The construction of renewable energy infrastructure, such as solar and wind farms, as well as the eventual decommissioning of nuclear power plants, will create opportunities for job growth and investment in the energy sector. Additionally, the government's emphasis on energy efficiency and demand management will help to mitigate the costs associated with energy consumption and reduce the overall economic burden of energy production and consumption.

Tourism

Demographics

With a population of 376 million according to the 2030 census, Cartadania is the second-most populous country in Sarpedon after Caphiria, and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at 91.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (236/sq mi). The overall life expectancy in Cartadania at birth is 84.19 years (81.87 years for males and 86.51 years for females). According to health data from participating institutions reporting to the Department of Health and Human Services, Cartadania had a net gain of one person every 100 seconds, or about 864 people per day. The median age of the country is 39.3 years, but is beginning to increase as the nation's largest demographic sector matures.

Cartadania is a fairly diverse land, settled mostly by the Latin people of Caphiria and from descent of Adonerum. Their arrival and settlements played a profound role in the development and culture of the country. The Latin-descent groups that arrived in Cartadania eventually blended with the native Italic populations throughout the country. As such, some 14% of people in Cartadania are explicitly Latin, while nearly three-quarters of the population is of some Latin or native Cartadanian combination. Small, relatively homogenous minorities of other ethnicities, making up the remaining portions exist in Cartadania, spread throughout the nation in many different areas.

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Cartadania
ICGE Census estimates for July 2030
Rank Administrative division Pop. Rank Administrative division Pop.
Sierra
Sierra
Newport
Newport
1 Sierra Verona 8,733,016 11 Kairi Porta Bianca 998,513 Valorica
Valorica
Mirada
Mirada
2 Newport Santiago 4,102,889 12 La Joya Verona 997,026
3 Valorica Triessa 3,107,885 13 Los Sueños Verona 991,026
4 Mirada Verona 2,587,004 14 Vila Real Santarém 984,213
5 Amar Porta Bianca 2,213,407 15 Castelusia Lombardia 981,076
6 Calaine Alexandria 2,103,970 16 Oasis Springs Verona 873,105
7 Alahuela Alahuela 1,970,183 17 Auvergne Maresia 844,510
8 Suriana Santiago 1,920,843 18 Aumiers Maresia 809,277
9 Lynnhaven Verona 1,773,842 19 Valencia Trentino 714,929
10 Hermosa Verona 1,103,944 20 Aurimá Verona 681,338
Metropolitan areas
Sierra, the largest city in Cartadania and anchor of its largest metropolitan area.
Rank Metro area State or
Territory
Population
Government data Other estimations
1 Palm Coast Verona 31,678,490 30.2 – 36.5 m
2 Alahuela Alahuela, Alexandria, Verona 10,883,207 9.6 – 11.3 m
3 NewportCarina Santiago 10,501,585 10.5 – 12.3 m
4 Orange Verona 9,194,867 9.2 – 9.3 m
5 Auvergne Maresia 9,043,251
6 New Venceia Alexandria 7,410,578
7 Castelusia Lombardia 7,035,053
8 Centralia Verona 7,846,152
9 Olympia Verona 5,098,662
10 Valentia Toscana 5,043,854

Language

Cartadanian is the official and predominant spoken language in Cartadania. It is a Romance language derived from vulgar latin of the Caphiric latin offshoot in Odros and the Kindreds (hence its categorization as Odo-Kindredian). Cartadanian is one of the most widely spoken first languages in the world, with around 440 million native speakers, and is the second-most spoken Romance language on the planet with a total 520 million speakers (including L2 speakers).

Recognised native minority languages in Cartadania are Charentais, Ettian, Latin, Lotoan, and Suyaran; they are officially protected by the Code for Regional or Minority Languages. The most used immigrant languages are Burgoignesc, Carnish, Coscivian, Ænglish, Etzilian, Lebhan, and other Taínean languages. Cartadanians are typically multilingual: 71% of Cartadanian citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 34% in at least two. Cartadania's position so close to the largest countries on the planet, both of which have a very large Latin-speaking population, means that being able to communicate in that language is important. A strong willingness to build relations between countries has germinated a culture of learning foreign languages very early in life, and many schools in Cartadania have multilingual options.

Education

Responsibility for educational supervision in Cartadania is primarily organized within the individual state and local governments, with regulations by the Department of Education. Optional early education (Cartadanian: Anteprimaria) and kindergarten (Cartadanian: Primaria) education is provided for all children between newborn and five years old, after which school attendance is compulsory for at least twelve years. Primary education usually lasts for five to six years, while Secondary education is divided into intermediate and high schools, lasting three and four years, respectively. Secondary schooling can also be divided into tracks based on whether students pursue academic or vocational education. A system of apprenticeship leads to a skilled qualification that is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school.

Cartadania has many private and public institutions of higher education. A sizeable portion of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in Cartadania. The Erudite University of Alahuela is one of the largest universities on the planet, enrolling more than 130,000 students on a regular basis. Each state also has its own university system for its respective jurisdiction. While post-secondary education is readily attainable in Cartadania, it is not free like the primary and secondary systems. Costs vary from zero tuition and only the cost of room and board in the Luson partnership states, to standard costs of attendance at many other public and private institutions. Tuition can also vary dramatically, not only from state to state but within a state as well. There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition.

Cartadania has some of the most educated citizens in the world, with a 97% secondary graduation rate, of which 71% of those individuals go on to pursue tertiary education. The basic literacy rate in Cartadania sits at 99%, with the largest gaps being those of rural populations in some insular territories. The federal government, in conjunction with state and local governments, works to promote tertiary education, and through its partnership with ARGUS, students from outside the country can come to Cartadania to learn, which in some cases, can afford those individuals a quick track to citizenship.

Health

The Cartadanian health care system is, by law, one of universal health care largely financed by government national health insurance, although, healthcare is provided to all citizens and residents by a mixed public-private system. During a world health care systems assessment, the World Health Organization found that Cartadania provided one of the best overall health care systems in the world. The Cartadanian healthcare system was ranked second worldwide by the World Health Organization in 2020. In 2032, Cartadania spent 6.7% of its GDP on health care, or $5,065 per capita, a figure much higher than the average spent by countries in cultural proximity to it. Approximately 75% of health expenditures are covered by government funded agencies, and care for people affected by chronic diseases such as cancer, AIDS or cystic fibrosis is generally free.

Average life expectancy at birth is 81.87 years for men and 86.51 years for women, one of the highest of the World. The fertility rate in 2032 stood at 1.71 children born/per woman and has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 since 1973. With a low birth rate, women also become mothers at a later age, the mean age at first live birth being 28.2 in 2032. A study published in a Merced medical journal found that Cartadania also had the lowest stillbirth rate out of the occidental countries.

Religion

Lynnhaven Cathedral

The Cartadanian constitution enshrines secularism in governance, as well as freedom of religion or belief for all, saying that no religion should have a "state character," while allowing for the state to "cooperate" with religious groups. With regard to the constitution, Cartadanians are free to worship as they please, and freedom of religion issues often prove to be top priorities for local and state governments. A vast majority of Cartadanians are Christian, with many falling under Catholic or some other Christian faith. Islam is the second-largest religion in the country. In 2020, as part of a national survey unrelated to the census, 1.9% of the census population (7.08 million people) gave their religion as Islam. It tends to be concentrated in areas with large Audonian populations, especially those who immigrated from the UAE. Cartadania is unique in that its religious sites are not exempted from taxation by way of property. Income earned from religious jobs in Cartadania may be subject to income tax by specific states, dependent on their laws, but the federal government assesses a specialized, low, flat-rate income tax for religious leaders. Though controversial, this was allowed due to public outcry that special treatment of religious sites went against the separation of church and state, and one of the very reasons Caphiria and Cartadania did not get along, which resulted in its independence.

The confluence of faiths during the Caphirian colonization of Cartadania led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Cartadanian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Cartadanian festivities, like the large Carnival festival. There is also a number of individuals professing no religion constituting a significant demographic group, exceeding 11% of the population as of the 2020 census.

Despite such strong efforts to keep religion out of the government, Cartadania has one of the largest numbers of geographic areas named after catholic saints, including four states and two territories–Santa Domenica, Santa Elena, Santarém (Sancta Irene), Santiago (Sancta Iacobu), São Andreas, and São Ricardo–and hundreds of counties and municipalities. There have been several Cartadanian Popes, including the current, Pope Gregory XVII.

Infrastructure

Science and technology

Cartadania is known for its advanced research and development in various fields of science and technology. The country has a strong focus on innovation and has invested heavily in research and development, leading to groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in many fields. One notable area of expertise is artificial intelligence, with Cartadanian scientists and researchers leading the way in developing cutting-edge AI technologies that are used in various industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. The country is also a leader in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, with many of the world's top pharmaceutical companies having their research and development facilities located in Cartadania. In addition, Cartadania has made significant advancements in aerospace and military technology, with its defense industry being a major contributor to the economy. The country has also been at the forefront of renewable energy research, with the construction of solar and wind farms as well as hydroelectric plants being a key part of the government's plan to transition to a low-carbon economy. Cartadania has a highly educated workforce, with a strong emphasis on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. The country has several top-ranked universities, including its flagship Erudite, and the government provides generous funding for scientific research and development.

Water supply and sanitation

Cartadania has achieved universal and affordable access to public water supply and sanitation. The sector is efficient and of high quality, with a few unique features that distinguish it from other developed countries. These features include low per capita water usage, a high proportion of advanced wastewater treatment, and minimal water distribution losses. Counties and municipalities are responsible for providing water supply and sanitation services, and they are subject to state regulations. Professional associations and utility associations also play an important role in the sector, contributing to its success.

In order to reduce Cartadania's reliance on groundwater in areas with high salinity, the country has implemented innovative hydraulic engineering and integrated water management approaches. These include the reuse of reclaimed water, the creation of protected areas in urban rainwater catchments, and the use of estuaries as freshwater reservoirs. Additionally, water desalination technology has been introduced to further address the issue of high salinity in some areas.

Telecommunications

Cartadania's system of telecommunications is highly developed. It is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system. The cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly to extremely rural areas, and includes roaming service to foreign countries, while those visiting countries where the operating carrier is also present continue life as usual.

The telephony system employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centers, media gateways and signaling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fiber-optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fiber, and wireless technologies. The fixed-line telecommunications market is dominated by Axiom Communications and Alfa Telecom, while the mobile phone market in Cartadania is dominated by 3 main cellular operators: Axiom Communications, Alô, and Claro.

About 356 million people in Cartadania (approximately 95% of the population) use the internet, and the country has one of the world's fastest average internet connection speeds, with average download speeds of around 235.8 Mbit/s for fixed broadband connections and 104.4 Mbit/s for mobile (cellular only) connections.

The development of the system as a whole is owed to the federal government and states' expenditures towards its development, working with electronics companies and developing the industry, and promoting the usage of more modern technologies through education and research. It is overseen, at large, by the Public Utilities Commission.

Energy

Simon Ohlson Nuclear Generation Plant on Renaudin Lake.

Cartadania is one of the world's largest energy consumers with much of its energy coming from nuclear and renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol. Powering the homes and businesses of over 375 million people places a particularly unique burden on the federal government, which has begun to crack down on the use on non-renewables and use of fossil fuels. The ongoing transition by Cartadania to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply can be seen across the country by construction of solar and wind farms, as well as the construction of dams, of which, the Granita Dam, completed in 2015, is one of the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation. The new system intends to rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity), energy efficiency, and energy demand management.

Nuclear power has been a topical political issue in recent decades due to its precedence in the energy sector, with continuing debates about when the technology should be phased out. Though a formal consensus has not been reached, many officials recommend 2040 as the deadline for Cartadania to phase out its final nuclear facilities. Simon Ohlson Nuclear Generation Facility in Lombardia, located approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) southeast of Figueroa, is the highest output nuclear facility in Cartadania, supplying three-quarters of the state's nuclear power. Olympia Nuclear Generation Station in Verona is another major nuclear power plant within the country, though having opened in 2015, the Verona Department of Energy has stated it will likely be open into the 2050s.

The nation's power transmission grid consists of about 600,000 kilometres (370,000 mi) of power lines operated by approximately 150 companies. The governmental agencies responsible for the energy policy are the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, the Energy Commission, the Cartadanian Electric Reliability Corporation (C³E), and the Congressional Energy Board.

Transport

Culture

Many aspects of Cartadanian culture can be traced back to the early cultures of Western Levantia and tCaphiria of the past and their collision with Cartadania's native civilizations. The Caphirians brought Catholicism, Audonians, and catalyzed the creation of a feudal encomienda system. After the fall of Caphirian rule over the Odridian zone, the Cartadanian people attempted to establish a pluralistic political system, between conservative and liberal ideals, however it was not without difficulty. The conservatives supported the involvement of the Catholic Church in the state, while liberals favored the separation of these. Some aspects of Cartadanian culture are contributions of Caphirian, Coscivian, Pelaxian, and other immigrants. Native people and Polynesians played a large role in the formation of the Cartadanian language, cuisine, music, dance, and religion. The famous elements of Cartadanian culture are its art, music, style, and iconic food. Popular tastes in drama in Cartadania have long favored comedy; the improvisational style known as the Comédia de arte began in Cartadania in the mid-16th century and is still performed today.

Architecture

Art Deco street in Ialas, Espírito Santo.

Cartadania's architectural style has displayed remarkable diversity over the years, evolving throughout its history. While classical architecture is prominent in parts of the capital, its prevalence decreases outside this area, an uncommon trend of the developed Occident and one that has seen a particularly unique sense of style develop throughout the region.

Art Deco, originating in Cartadania during the 1910s, gained prominence during the interwar period. This style merged early 20th-century Modernist avant-garde elements with the opulence and fine craftsmanship of Canetic historic design, occasionally incorporating motifs from non-Western cultures. Art Deco symbolized luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in societal and technological advancement. It featured rare and costly materials such as ebony and ivory, as well as exquisite craftsmanship. Such elements were considered ordinary for Cartadania during that era.

In regions with significant indigenous populations, particularly Vallosi and Suyaran, architecture draws inspiration from native styles. Traditional indigenous structures, crafted from local materials, cater to regional environmental conditions. Thatched roofs, open spaces, and the use of wood and bamboo are common elements. The traditional cognatian architectural style, mainly found in the nation's southern interior regions like Vitrea, includes decorative tiles, wrought-iron balconies, and city layouts featuring central squares and churches.

Urban areas, like the city of Alahuela, exhibit diverse architectural styles, from sleek skyscrapers to contemporary residential buildings. Contemporary architects often blend global design trends with Cartadanian cultural elements. This progressive approach is increasingly popular, with government buildings adopting similar styles in various regions.

Preservation of historical structures and landmarks is vital in Cartadania. While older buildings may be replaced with modern designs, the commitment to conservation ensures the upkeep of colonial-era structures and cultural sites. Architectural diversity mirrors the nation's cultural richness, with regional variations influenced by local customs and traditions. Cities with strong Levantine immigrant communities in the east often feature architecture reminiscent of their countries of origin.

In recent years, sustainability and energy efficiency have become central to architectural design. Integration with the natural environment is increasingly important, and many areas require green spaces in architectural plans to combat issues like heat islands and wet-bulb phenomena.

Music

Literature

Cuisine

Cartadania's culinary heritage is deeply entrenched in historical traditions and has been formed from a fusion of culinary influences from Levantine, Cronan, Audonian, and Alshari origins. This amalgamation of diverse culinary elements has given rise to a nuanced culinary landscape characterized by distinct regional variations, mirroring the nation's geographical and cultural diversity. The country's high level of biodiversity has imparted an array of ingredients upon its culinary landscape, and the variety is further expanded by its ties with neighboring countries. The infusion of traditional spices from Cartadania and Caphiria, rooted in their historic spice trade, has especially contributed unique flavors to Cartadanian gastronomy. Notable among these spices are chili peppers, black pepper, saffron, and paprika, contributing to the nuanced taste profiles of both savory and dessert offerings.

Seafood occupies a prominent position in many regions, exemplified by dishes such as moqueca, a revered seafood stew enriched with ingredients like tomatoes, onions, garlic, and lime. Meat-centric preparations, featuring beef, lamb, and pork, highlight the culinary prowess of the nation, finding a strong foothold in the nation's interior regions. Cartadanian cuisine bears the imprint of neighboring countries, especially Caphiria, particularly its province of Turiana, and Pelaxia. Elements of Caphirian-style dishes and cheeses have found favor, while the Turian and Pelaxian culinary influence introduces depth and variety. The nation's penchant for indigenous beverages is evident in the consumption of cachaça, mate tea, coffee, fruit juices, and beer, reflecting a vibrant beverage culture.

Desserts encompass a diverse array of flavors and textures as well. Bolo de rolo has become very popular with its thinly layered cake enveloping guava paste, while brigadeiro and beijinho are most commonly associated with the country, made with condensed milk and adorned with chocolate or coconut, respectively. The popularity of açaí na tigela, derived from the açaí palm fruit and often just known by the name açaí, reflects the growing trend of culinary globalization in the occident, particularly from Sarpedon's "big three" (i.e., Caphiria, Cartadania, and Pelaxia). Additionally, dulce de leche, introduced from Pelaxia, has secured a significant place in Cartadanian confectionery, especially in major metro areas of the south.

Cinema

Theatre

Visual arts

Sports

See Also