Electoral systems of the world

Polling booths in Anglei.

An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referenda are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, who is allowed to vote, who can stand as a candidate, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices.

Some electoral systems elect a single winner to a unique position, such as prime minister, president or governor, while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors. When electing a legislature, areas may be divided into constituencies with one or more representatives. Voters may vote directly for individual candidates or for a list of candidates put forward by a political party or alliance. There are many variations in electoral systems, with the most common systems being first-past-the-post voting, block voting, the two-round (runoff) system, proportional representation and ranked voting. Some electoral systems, such as mixed systems, attempt to combine the benefits of non-proportional and proportional systems.

System	Utilizacíon
System	National governments	Subnational, private, and other entities
First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) Single-Member Plurality (SMP)	Caphiria - National Assembly Cartadania - Senate Urcea - Concilium Daoni	Cartadania Most state legislatures and local elections Kiravia Niyaska - Governor, legislature, most local offices Pelaxia - Some local councils Urcea - Most local government systems and all provincial government offices
Party-list proportional representation	Cartadania - Chamber of Emissaries Faneria - Party Council Pelaxia - Senate, Chamber of Deputies Puertego - National Assembly Volonia - National Assembly Yonderre - Parliament	Kiravia Sauropod Oblast - Oblast Council Argévia lower house Cartadania Verona - Chamber of Emissaries
Instant-runoff voting (IRV) Alternative vote (AV) Ranked-choice voting (RCV)	the Cape National Stanera Faneria People's Council Kiravia Federal Stanora (single-member seats)	Kiravia Most State governors Argévia upper house
Single transferable vote (STV)	Kiravia Federal Stanora (multi-member seats)	Kiravia Most Provincial legislatures
General ticket	Kiravia Electoral College	Kiravia Devahoma - State Assembly
Sortition	Anglei - Principal Electorate Tablevania - House of Delegates	Kiravia Serikorda - Abrigalast localities
Two-round system (TRS)	Cartadania President	Cartadania Most state governors Several state legislatures, including Milan, Montecarlo, Porta Bianca, Tanoa Sul, and Verona (Senate only)